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Pre-reg Exam 2021 > Sex Hormone Responsive Conditions > Flashcards

Sex Hormone Responsive Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of HRT?

A

Replaces oestrogen with or without progestogen to relieve symptoms,s of menopause associated with low hormone levels

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2
Q

What are the natural oestrogens

A

Estrone
Estradiol
Estriol

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3
Q

What are the synthetic oestrogens?

A

Ethinylestradiol

Mestranol

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4
Q

What is tibolone?

A

Oestrogenic, progestogen and weak androgenic

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5
Q

What is used to treat vaginal atrophy? (Dryness)

A

Topical oestrogens
Creams
Tablets
Rings

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6
Q

What is used to treat vasomotor symptoms? Hot flushes, night sweats

A

Systemic oestrogens
Tablets or patches

Apply patch below waistline

If contraindicated give clonidine

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7
Q

What HRT is used for women without a uterus?

A

Oestrogen alone continuously

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8
Q

What HRT is used for women with a uterus?

A

Oestrogen + progestogen cyclical or continual

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9
Q

When is continual HRT unsuitable?

A

Peri-menopause or < 12 months after last period

Rule out endometrial cancer if irregular bleeding continues after stopping continuous combined HRT

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10
Q

When do you stop HRT before surgery?

A

Stop 4-6 weeks before, restart when fully mobile

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11
Q

When do you stop HRT before non-elective surgery?

A

Use parenteral anticoagulant and compression stockings

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12
Q

How long are you fertile for r your last period if under 50 years?

A

2 years after last period

Use low oestrogen combined contraceptive

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13
Q

How long are you fertile for after your last period if you are over 50?

A

1 year after last period

Use condoms

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14
Q

What are the side effects of HRT?

A

Cancer - ovarian, breast, cervical, endometrial (add progesterone)

Coronary heart disease

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15
Q

What are the reasons to stop HRT?

A

VTE
Stroke
Liver dysfunction
High BP

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16
Q

What are the risk factors that contraindicate HRT?

A 
Risk of VTE
Inflammation of blood vessel walls
Recurrent VTE unless anticoagulated
Thrombophilic disorder
Liver disease
Endometrial hyperplasia
Vaginal bleeding
Oestrogen dependent cancer
History of breast cancer
17
Q

What are the anti oestrogens?

A

Clomifene - ovulation stimulant

18
Q

When is clomifene used?

A

Infertility in women due to oligomeorrhoea
Secondary amenorrhoea

For 6 cycles only

19
Q

What are the side effects of clomifene?

A

Multiple pregnancies

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of testosterone?

A

Replacement therapy in androgen deficiency

21
Q

What are the side effects of testosterone?

A

Masculinisation
Acne
Anxiety
Male pattern baldness

Do not apply to genital area

Pre-reg Exam 2021 (79 decks)

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