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Pre-reg Exam 2021 > Childhood Conditions > Flashcards

Childhood Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is colic?

A

Excessive high pitched crying

Rule of 3 - 3 hrs/day, 3 days/week, 3 weeks

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2
Q

How long does colic last?

A

Starts infancy resolves around 4-6 months

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3
Q

What are the signs of colic?

A 
Difficult to comfort
Red face
Clenched fists
Knees drawn up 
Excessive gas
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4
Q

When do you refer for colic?

A

Inconsolable crying

Failure to put on weight with age

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5
Q

What is used for OTC colic?

A

Infacol (simeticone)

Lactase enzyme (colief)

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6
Q

What is advice for colic?

A

Not parents fault, will grow out of it

Remove cows milk for 1 week trial

Massage tummy in circular motion

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7
Q

What is cradle cap?

A

Greasy yellow scales on scalp

Before 6 months old
Self limiting

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8
Q

When should cradle cap be referred?

A

Severe on face/body
Swelling, scratching, bleeding

Infected/inflamed

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9
Q

How do you treat OTC cradle cap?

A

Baby shampoo and soft brush
Olive oil

Capasal
Nizoral

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10
Q

What is the advice for cradle cap?

A

Common and harmless
Not contagious
Do not pick scales

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis in children?

A 
Non blanching rash
Flu like symptoms worsening
High fever
Severe muscle ache
Nausea and vomiting
Stiff neck
Severe headache
Cold hands and feet
Confusion
Drowsiness
Photophobia
Seizures
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis in infants?

A 
Floppiness/unresponsive
Dislike being handled
Refuse feeds
Difficult to wake
Rapid breathing
Unusual cry
Bulging fontanelle
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13
Q

When do you refer meningitis?

A

ALL suspected cases

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14
Q

What is the advice for meningitis?

A

Trust gut instincts

Bacterial meningitis is life threatening and can cause blood poisoning and limb amputation

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A

Koplik spots
Conjunctivitis
Cold like symptoms
Fever

Rash starts behind ears then spreads to face, trunk, limbs

Red-brown confluent and blotchy rash

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of mumps?

A

Fever
Headache
Malaise

Swelling on one or both sides of face

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of rubella?

A

Lymphadenopathy

Rash starts on face then spreads to trunk and limbs

Pink-red macular non-confluent rash

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18
Q

When should you refer MMR?

A

ALL cases

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19
Q

What is an OTC product used for MMR?

A

Paracetamol

Ibuprofen

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20
Q

What is the advice for MMR?

A

Bed rest
Hydrated
Keep children off school during contagious period
Avoid acidic drinks in mumps
Children with rubella should keep away from pregnant women

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21
Q

How long is measles contagious for?

A

4 days after rash

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22
Q

How long is mumps contagious for?

A

5 days after swelling

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23
Q

How long is rubella contagious for?

A

6 days after rash

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24
Q

What is the most dangerous in children measles, mumps or rubella?

A

Measles

25
Q

What are the risks associated with mumps in adults?

A

Risk of meningitis and sterility

26
Q

Why should children with rubella stay away from pregnant women?

A

Foetal damage

27
Q

What are the symptoms of irritant nappy rash?

A

Erythmatous rash on buttocks

28
Q

What are the symptoms of fungal nappy rash?

A

Satellite rash - small red applies on outer edge

Rash concentrated in skin folds - between buttocks and under cheeks

29
Q

When should you refer nappy rash?

A 
Broken skin
Severe nappy rash
Yellow crust/weeping
Other body areas affected
OTC failure > 1 week
30
Q

What is used for OTC nappy rash?

A

Barrier preparations

Clotrimazole - canesten antifungal
Miconazole - daktarin

Apply for 7 days after clearing to prevent it returning

31
Q

What is the advice for nappy rash?

A

Change nappies as soon as soiled or wet
Leave nappy off to allow skin to air dry
Avoid waterproof nappies as worsens skin rash
Wash nappy area thoroughly with water or wipes

32
Q

What are the symptoms of oral thrush in children?

A

Common in babies

White patches on tongue and mucosal surfaces inside mouth

33
Q

When do you refer oral thrush?

A

All except babies

Recurrent infection

OTC failure > 1 week

34
Q

How do you treat oral thrush OTC?

A

Daktarin oral gel - 4 months +

Apply QDS after meals
Continue for at least 1 week after symptoms disappear

35
Q

What is the interaction between miconazole and warfarin?

A

Bleeding

36
Q

What is the advice for oral thrush?

A

Use spacer and rinse mouth when using high dose ICS

Treat nappy rash if also present

Sterilise bottle teats

If breastfeeding apply miconazole cream to nipple and wipe away before feed

37
Q

What are the symptoms of slapped cheek?

A

Bright red rash on cheeks
Light pink, lace like, itchy rash on trunk and limbs

Initial cold like symptoms
Most contagious period

38
Q

When do you refer slapped cheek?

A

Pregnant women

Blood disorders

Symptoms of severe anaemia

39
Q

What is used OTC for slapped cheek?

A

Paracetamol or ibuprofen

Antihistamines

40
Q

What is the advice for slapped cheek?

A

Rest and plenty of fluids

Once rash appears it is no longer contagious

41
Q

What are the symptoms of whooping cough?

A

Runny nose, watery eyes, sore throat, slight fever

Whooping cough

42
Q

What is used OTC for whooping cough?

A

Fever - paracetamol or ibuprofen

43
Q

What is the advice for whooping cough?

A

Stay away from school 5 days after starting antibiotics or 3 weeks after coughing started

Cover child’s mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing/sneezing

44
Q

What are the symptoms of chicken pox?

A

Small red spots, very itchy and infectious blisters

First chest or face

Up to three days before - fever, headache, sore throat, myalgia, malaise

45
Q

What do you use to treat chicken pox otc?

A

Itching - calamine, crotamiton, chlorphenamine (1+)

Fever - paracetamol, avoid ibuprofen

46
Q

What is the advice for chicken pox?

A

Do not scratch lesions

Very contagious until lesions have crusted over

47
Q

What are the symptoms of a fever in children?

A

High temperature above 38

Normal is 37

High grade is > 39

Feel hotter than usual
Sweaty and clammy
Flushed cheeks

48
Q

When do you refer a fever in children?

A

< 3 months and > 38
3-6 months and > 39

> 24 hours in 3-6 months
72 hours in > 6 months

Dehydration
Febrile convulsions
Floppiness, drowsiness, persistent vomiting, rash, seizures

49
Q

What is used OTC to treat fever in children?

A

Paracetamol 120/5mg 2 months+ over 4 kg

Ibuprofen 100mg/5ml 3 months + over 5kg

50
Q

What are the doses for paracetamol in children?

A

3-6 months - 2.5ml
6-24 months - 5 ml
2-4 years - 7.5 ml
4-6 years - 10ml

Of 120mg/5ml suspension
QDS

Post immunisation - 2,3,4 months 2.5ml up to QDS
Meningitis B - 2.5 ml, then 2.5ml after 4-6 hours, then 2.5ml after 4-6 hours (unlicensed)

51
Q

What are the doses for ibuprofen in children?

A 
3-6 months - 2.5 ml
6-12 months - 2.5 ml TDS/QDS
1-3 years - 5 ml
4-6 years - 7.5 ml
7-9 years - 10 ml

TDS

Post immunisation - 2,3 months - 2.5 ml then further 2.5 ml if required

100mg/5ml

52
Q

What are the symptoms of impetigo?

A

Golden crust lesions

Non-bullous - small red sores around nose and mouth, blisters and burst, can be itchy but otherwise asymptomatic

Bullous - neonates, fluid filled blisters on trunk or arms, spreads before bursting, painful and itchy, fever and swollen lymph glands

53
Q

When do you refer impetigo?

A

All cases
Need antibiotics

Topical fusidic acid cream for mild cases in small area
Oral Flucloxacillin if severe or widespread

54
Q

What is used to treat impetigo?

A

Paracetamol if required

55
Q

What is the advice for impetigo?

A

Contagious - stay away from school until rash clears

Hygiene - do not share towels or tough lesions, do not scratch

56
Q

What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

Pink-red, itchy sandpaper rash

Sore throat, headache, high temperature, flushed cheeks, strawberry tongue

57
Q

When do you refer scarlet fever?

A

Requires antibiotic

Amoxicillin for 10 days

58
Q

What is the OTC product for scarlet fever?

A

Paracetamol

Antihistamines/calamine

59
Q

What is the advice for scarlet fever?

A

Very contagious

Keep children off for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics

Avoid sharing towels, clothes, bed linen, cups

Cover mouth when sneezing and coughing

Pre-reg Exam 2021 (79 decks)

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