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Pre-reg Exam 2021 > Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of insomnia?

A

Difficulty initiating sleep
Difficulty maintaining sleep
Early morning waking
Poor sleep quality

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2
Q

What are the types of insomnia?

A

Transient
Short term
Chronic

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3
Q

What is transient insomnia?

A

Caused by environmental factors

Choose short acting
Give only one or two doses

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4
Q

What is short term insomnia?

A

Related to emotional or medical problem

Last a few weeks
Take intermittently and omit some doses
Give for no more than 3 weeks

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5
Q

What is chronic insomnia?

A

Common causes - psychiatric disorders, alcohol, drug abuse, pain

Treat underlying cause

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6
Q

What are the Z-drugs?

A

CD4 part 1

Zopiclone - taste disturbance
Zolpidem - GI disturbance
Zaleplon - shortest acting

Used in sleep onset insomnia
Elderly patients
Little hangover effect

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7
Q

How long do you use the z-drugs for insomnia?

A

Short term use
4 weeks max
2 weeks if zaleplon for severe insomnia that interferes with daily life

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8
Q

What are the long acting benzodiazepine sedatives that are used in insomnia?

A

Nitrazepam
Flurazepam
Diazepam - dental procedures

Sleep maintenance insomnia that causes daytime effects
Anxiolytic effect during the day - diazepam sing,e dose at night
Hangover effect

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9
Q

What are the shorter acting hypnotic benzodiazepines?

A 
Temazepam
Lorazepam
Loprazolam
Lormetazepam
Oxazepam

Sleep onset insomnia
Elderly patients, hepatic impairment
Little hangover effect

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10
Q

How long do you use benzodiazepines for in insomnia?

A

Short term use 2-4 weeks for severe, disabling insomnia or causing patient extreme stress

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11
Q

Why should you avoid Z drugs/benzodiazepines in elderly?

A

Ataxia
Confusion

Causes falls and injury

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12
Q

What are the other hypnotics used in insomnia?

A

Clomethiazile
Chloral hydrate
Antihistamines
Melatonin

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13
Q

How do the z drugs work?

A

Act on benzodiazepine site of GABAa receptors to facilitate and enhance binding of GABA to GABAa receptors

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14
Q

What are the z drugs used for?

A

Short term use up to 4 weeks (2 weeks if zaleplon) for severe insomnia that interferes with daily life

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15
Q

What are the side effects of z-drugs?

A

Paradoxical effects
Daytime sleepiness

Avoid long term use tolerance develops in 3-14 days

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16
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Rare long term brain disorder that causes a person to sudden,y fall asleep at inappropriate times

17
Q

What are the symptoms of narcolepsy?

A 
Sleep attacks
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Cataplexy
Sleep paralysis
Excessive dreaming
18
Q

What is used to treat narcolepsy?

A 
Modafinil
Methylphenidate 
Dexamfetamine
Sodium oxybate
Pitolisant

Pre-reg Exam 2021 (79 decks)

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