Common Bacterial Infections Flashcards
Who is most at risk of C. Diff infection?
Elderly and women
Which antibiotics cause antibiotic associated colitis?
Clindamycin
Ampicillin/amoxicillin
2nd/3rd gen cephalosporins
Quinolones
What is used to treat the first episode of mild-moderate antibiotic-associated colitis?
Oral metronidazole for 10-14 days
What is used to treat subsequent/severe infections/unresponsive to metronidazole antibiotic-associated colitis?
Oral vancomycin/fidoxamicin
Can you use loperamide in C. Diff or antibiotic associated colitis?
No. Contraindicated
What is the treatment for endocarditis?
Amoxicillin +/- low dose gentamicin
What is used to treat endocarditis in MRSA or the patient has a penicillin allergy?
Vancomycin
When do you use Flucloxacillin in endocarditis?
When it is caused by staphylococci
When do you use benzylpenicillin in endocarditis?
When it is caused by streptococci
What is the treatment for mild CAP?
7 days amoxicillin
Alternatives clarithromycin or doxycycline
14-21 days if caused by staphylococci
What is the treatment for moderate CAP?
Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin
OR doxycycline alone
What is the treatment for severe CAP?
Benzylpenicillin + Clarithromycin/Doxycycline
Add flucloxacillin if staphylococci suspected
Add vancomycin if MRSA suspected
What is the duration of treatment for CAP?
7 days
14-21 days if staphylococci
What is the duration of treatment for HAP?
7 days
What is the treatment for early onset HAP? (< 5 days)
Co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
What is the treatment for severe HAP? (> 5 days)
Antipseudomonal penicillin
OR broad spectrum cephalosporin or quinolone
Add vancomycin for MRSA
Add aminoglycoside for pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the treatment for meningococcal disease?
Benzylpenicillin
Cefotaxime if penicillin allergy
Chloramphenicol if immediate penicillin allergy
What is the treatment for osteomyelitis?
Flucloxacillin
Clindamycin if penicillin allergic
If MRSA suspected - vancomycin
What is used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol
What antibiotic is used to treat impetigo?
Fusidic acid 7 days if small areas
Flucloxacillin for 7 days if widespread
What is used to treat cellulitis?
Flucloxacillin
What is used for animal and human bites?
Co-amoxiclav
OR doxycycline + metronidazole
What is used to treat MRSA?
Tetracycline
OR sodium fusidate + rifampicin
Clindamycin (alternative)
Severe - glycopeptide or linezolid
What is used to treat dental infections?
Metronidazole 200mg TDS for 3 days
Amoxicillin is alternative
Doxycycline for periodontitis
Change if no response after 48 hours
What is used to treat a sore throat?
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
Severe - benzylpenicillin
Clarithromycin if penicillin allergic
What is used to treat sinusitis?
Amoxicillin
OR Clarithromycin
OR doxycycline
What is used to treat otitis externa?
Flucloxacillin
Clarithromycin if penicillin allergic
What is used to treat otitis media?
Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin if penicillin allergic
Treat if no improvement after 72 hours or earlier if systemic symptoms
