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Pre-reg Exam 2021 > Nutrition And Vitamin Deficiencies > Flashcards

Nutrition And Vitamin Deficiencies Flashcards

1
Q

What does parenteral nutrition contain?

A 
Amino acids
Glucose
Electrolytes 
Trace elements 
Vitamins
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2
Q

What is SPN?

A

Supplementary parenteral nutrition given in addition to oral/enteral feeds

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3
Q

What is TPN?

A

Total parenteral nutrition is the sole source of nutrition

Glucose via central vein to avoid thrombosis
Enough phosphate to allow phosphorylation of glucose

Fructose and sorbitol to avoid hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic nonketotic acidosis

Do not add additives to fat emulsions unless compatibility known

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4
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

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5
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B and C

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6
Q

What is retinol?

A

Vitamin A

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7
Q

What vitamin should be avoided in pregnancy due to teratogenicity?

A

Vitamin A (retinol)

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of retinol deficiency?

A

Ocular effects - dry eyes, risk of infection

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9
Q

What are the benefits of vitamin A?

A

Night vision
Immune system
Healthy skin

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10
Q

Where do you get vitamin A from?

A

Liver pates
Fish liver oil
Raw eggs

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11
Q

What vitamin is ascribed acid?

A

Vitamin C

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin C deficiency?

A

Scurvy
Gingival bleeding
Petechiae

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13
Q

What does vitamin C help to be absorbed?

A

Iron

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14
Q

What are the benefits of ascorbic acid?

A

Protects cells
Wound healing
Collagen formation

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15
Q

What are the sources of vitamin c?

A

Oranges
Peppers
Tomatoes
Blackcurrants

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16
Q

What vitamin is calciferol?

A

Vitamin D

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?

A

Rickets

Osteomalacia

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18
Q

What is vitamin D2?

A

Ergocalciferol

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19
Q

What is vitamin D3?

A

Cholecalciferol

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20
Q

When should you give alfacalcidol or calcitriol?

A

In severe renal impairment

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21
Q

What needs to be checked if nausea and vomiting occurs when taking vitamin D?

A

Plasma calcium concentration

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22
Q

What are the benefits of vitamin D?

A

Dietary absorption of calcium

Healthy bones and teeth

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23
Q

What is vitamin E?

A

Tocopherol

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24
Q

What does tocopherol do?

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation, increased risk of bleeding with warfarin

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25
Q

What are the benefits of tocopherol?

A

Powerful antioxidant
Healthy skin
Healthy eyes

26
Q

What are the sources of vitamin E?

A

Plant oils

27
Q

What is phytomenadione?

A

Vitamin K

28
Q

Is phytomenadione lipid soluble or water soluble?

A

Lipid

29
Q

Is menadiol lipid or water soluble?

A

Water, used in liver impairment

30
Q

What is vitamin k used for?

A

Given to all new born babies to prevent neonatal haemorrhage

31
Q

What drug should you not give with vitamin k?

A

Warfarin

Has an antagonising effect

32
Q

What are the sources of vitamin k?

A

Green, leafy vegetables

33
Q

What is vitamin B1?

A

Thiamine

34
Q

When is thiamine used?

A

Wernickes encephalopathy

35
Q

Is anaphylaxis common in B1?

A

Yes with injection

36
Q

What are the benefits of vitamin B1?

A

Release energy from food

Healthy CNS

37
Q

What are the sources of thiamine?

A

Fortified cereals

Wholegrain

38
Q

What is riboflavin?

A

Vitamin B2

39
Q

What are the benefits of riboflavin?

A

Healthy skin
Healthy nerves
Healthy eyes

40
Q

What are the sources of B2?

A

Meat
Eggs
Fortified cereals
Rice

41
Q

What is niacin?

A

Vitamin B3

42
Q

What is niacin available as?

A

Nicotinamide

Nicotinic acid

43
Q

What are the benefits of vitamin B3?

A

Healthy skin and eyes

44
Q

What are the sources of B3?

A 
Meat
Fish
Wheat flour
Eggs
Milk
45
Q

What is vitamin B6?

A

Pyridoxine

46
Q

What is pyridoxine given with and why?

A

Isoniazid, penicillamine

Prevents peripheral neuropathy

47
Q

What is pyridoxine used for as well as prevention of peripheral neuropathy?

A

Premenstrual symptoms

48
Q

What can cause sensory neuropathy?

A

Vitamin B6 at prolonged use of high doses > 200mg

49
Q

What is vitamin B7?

A

Biotin

50
Q

What is biotin used for?

A

Strengthen hair and nails

51
Q

What are the benefits of biotin?

A

Essential for fat metabolism

52
Q

What are the sources of biotin?

A

Range of foods
Vegetable
Whole cereals

53
Q

What is cobalamin/hydroxycobalamin?

A

Vitamin B12

54
Q

What is B12 used to treat?

A

Megaloblastic anaemia

55
Q

What vitamins are vegans often deficient in?

A

B12

56
Q

What are the benefits of B12?

A

Healthy nervous system

Processing folic acid

57
Q

What are the sources of B12?

A

Meat
Salmon
Fortified cereals

58
Q

What is taken by pregnant women to reduce the risk of neural tube defects?

A

Folic acid

59
Q

What is the dose of folic acid for preventing spina bifida?

A

400mcg daily

Before conception and until week 12

60
Q

What is the folic acid dose for pregnant women at high risk?

A

5 mg daily before conception and until week 12

61
Q

What are the high risk pregnant women for neural tube defects?

A

Anti epileptic medication
Diabetes mellitus
Previous infant with neural tube defects
Sickle cell disease - give throughout whole of pregnancy

Pre-reg Exam 2021 (79 decks)

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