Rectal And Anal Disorders Flashcards
What is an anal fissure?
A tear or ulcer in the lining of the anal canal, immediately within the anal margin
What are the symptoms of anal fissure?
Bleeding
Sharp persistent pain on defaecation
Linear split in anal mucosa
What is the treatment for acute anal fissure?
< 6 weeks
Ensure soft stools and easily passed - bulk forming laxative or osmotic
Short term topical local anaesthetic applied before emptying bowel
What is the treatment for chronic anal fissure?
> 6 weeks
GTN rectal ointment
Diltiazem/nifedipine oral or topical
What are haemorrhoids?
Swellings of anal mucosa cushion containing enlarged blood vessels, found inside or outside the anus
What are the symptoms of haemorrhoids?
Pain after defaecation
Bleeding
Swellings
Itchy
What are the risk factors for haemorrhoids?
Pregnancy
Constipation
What is the lifestyle advice for haemorrhoids?
Increased fluid/fibre intake
Perianal hygiene
What is used to treat haemorrhoids?
Constipation - bulk forming laxative
Pain - simple analgesic
Topical - anaesthetics/corticosteroids
Lidocaine/cinchocaine/pramocaine
Local perianal inflammation - topical corticosteroid max 7 days
