Separating mixtures Flashcards
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
A mixture is just particles mixed and in the same space but a compound is two or more elements chemically joined
Can components of a mixture be separated by physical techniques without needing chemical change
Yes as a mixture is not something with chemically combined elements
What is filtration used for?
To separate an insoluble solid
What is distillation used for?
To separate a soluble solid from a solution
What is distillation also used for?
Separating the solvent from a soluble solid
What is fractional distillation used for?
Separating miscible liquids
What is a separating funnel used for?
Separating immiscible liquids
What does miscible mean
It means it mixes, eg: alcohol and water mix so are miscible
How does filtration work
Use filter paper a funnel and a beaker and filter off the insoluble solid leaving the soluble solid and liquid then heat liquid to get the soluble solid.
How does evaporation work
Heat a water beaker (with water) on top of a Bunsen burner and a gauze and tripod and then put the evaporating basin with the solution in it and heat till water is evaporated
How does distillation work
Have a tripod with a Bunsen burner and gauze. Then have a distillation flask with a bung and a thermometer and a condenser attached to it. The solution in the distillation flask should heat up and evaporate and vapor should go into the condenser where it will cool and condense. Solid remains in the flask.
How does fractional distillation work
Set up equipment: Bunsen burner with distillation flask attached and above that attached is the fractionating column which is connected to the condensor which leads to a conical flask which water should drip into. Mixture is heated and mixture boils both will evaporate but the one with the higher boiling point will get to the top and get too cool and then condense but the lower boiling point will rise to the top and pass into the condenser, and will drip into the conical flask. The other liquid will be left in the distillation flask.
How does a separating funnel work?
Is a simple device where you open the tap and run off the most dense liquid (at the bottom) and leave the less dense liquid in the separating funnel
What is used for separating several solids that are soluble in the same solvent?
Chromatography
How does chromatography work
Dyes are placed at the bottom of chromatography paper and then placed in a solvent - normally water. Water is drawn up the paper which moves the different dyes at different rates/ depending on their solutibitly in water. Dyes more soluble move up more quickly and vice versa with the less soluble dyes
