Classification Of Organisms (NOT IN MOCK!!!) Flashcards
What is classification?
The grouping of organisms according to differences and similarities in their structure
What is the order of the classification system and how to remember???
King Phylip Came Over For Good Salad
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family Genus, Species
What is the binomial system - positives and give an example?
It is the name of the genus and species of an organism - written in Latin so anyone anywhere in the world would understand which animal someone was referring to, eg Homo sapiens - in italics - with the genus capitalised and the species in lowercase
what are the 5 kingdoms and who came up with them?
Linnaeus - Animal, plant, fungi, protist and prokaryote
What did Linnaeus classify organisms by?
Observable traits
What did Woese classify organisms by?
DNA, genetics and sun cellular evidence
how did Woes’ 3 domains classify the 5 kingdoms
The first 4 became 1 domain - Eukaryote
The last one became 2 domains - Archaea and bacteria
why did Woes separate Prokaryote into two different domains?
1. ribosomes are similar in ? and structure between then, but since the ? acid in archaea are closer to ? they cannot be grouped with bacteria in ?
2. as well as this, archaea ? did not ? like anything we’d ever seen before in ? so it must be grouped alone
- shape, nucleic, eukaryotes, prokaryotes
- DNA, look, biology
3 different ways fossils can be formed?
- when parts of an organism is replaced by minerals/they decay
- parts of organisms that haven’t decayed as one or more conditions needed for decay are absent
- preserved traces of organisms eg footprints
How is a fossil formed by decay?
1. Organism dies and ? to the bottom of the ?
2. ? becomes covered in ?. soft parts of ? decay but ? parts like bone don’t
3. More sediment ? on top of remains - ? is compressed and as more ? are added, minerals replace the ? - hardening and preserving ?. the surrounding ? turns to rock
4. fossil is distinct from ? rock and is eventually ? via weathering, construction or natural ?
sinks, water
organism, sediment, body, hard
settles, sediment, layers, bone, it, sediment
surrounding, exposed, disasters
Examples of fossils forming from parts of organisms that haven’t decayed?!
- volcanic ash can cover a tree branch and prevents it from decaying
- whole insects/ parts of plants become trapped in resin or tree sap. this has to fall into winter and become covered in sediment
- peat bags are too acidic for decay or organic tissue
- organisms preserved in ice (permafrost)
How are preserved traces of organisms made?
Impressions are left in soft sediment, as sediment hardens over time, the impression becomes fixed
5 reasons for the fossil record being incomplete?
- haven’t been found yet, as it’s hard to reach like underground
- conditions must be just right for fossils to form (little/no oxygen)
- geological activity can destroy/ damage fossils
- fossils may have been misidentified and can’t be studied
- early life forms were entirely soft bodies so not hard body parts
As we descend through rock what can we see?!
How species changed over time
What does it suggest if near identical fossil exists in multiple geological layers?
It didn’t have to evolve much to survive, so it’s well adapted to it’s environment
