Geography Year 9

Question 1

Epping forest info

Answer 1

• East of london
• 20 different types of dragonfly
• deciduous
• managed for 1000 years

Question 2

Food web with soil, litter and biomass:
- In ?, trees lose ?, and lots of litter is ?
- In spring, litter is ? to humus and nutrients which turns into ?
- In summer, trees maximise ?
- In ?, leaves are shed to ? heat and in winter these ? are turned into soil

Answer 2

winter, leaves, made
converted, soil
photosynthesis
autumn, conserve, leaves

Question 3

Proof of climate change (ice cores)

Answer 3

East Antarctica Ice Core records climate of last 800,000 years

Question 4

Difference between food chain and web

Answer 4

Food chain - direct links between producers and consumers, whereas a food web shows all connections between producers and consumers

Question 5

Difference between biotic and abiotic

Answer 5

Biotic are living components while abiotic is none living

Question 6

How much of tropical rainforest covers the earths land

Answer 6

6% of earths land, and is close to equator

Question 7

How much of desert covers the earths land

Answer 7

1/5

Question 8

Climate and seasons of savanna

Answer 8

Tropical climate, with both wet and dry seasons (leading to wildfires)

Question 9

Climate and seasons of temperate grassland

Answer 9

Warm dry summers and cold winters

Question 10

Climate and seasons of Mediterranean

Answer 10

Hot sunny and dry summers, mild winters, pressure belts migrate N + S

Question 11

General info of rainforests

Answer 11

Hot and wet, max temp 28 degrees, over 2000 mm, no seasons

Question 12

Brazil rainforest info

Answer 12

• 20% of worlds fresh water comes from Amazon basin
• 3M hectares in a year
• 80% of clearing is due to cattle ranching
• also lots of mineral extraction

Question 13

Info about rainforests

Answer 13

• tropical rainforests contain 1/2 of all plants and animals in world
• 28% of earths oxygen comes from rainforest

Question 14

Malaysia impacts of deforestation

Answer 14

Climate change, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion

Question 15

Reasons for deforestation

Answer 15

• dams for hydroelectric power
• cattle ranching
• commercial crop growing (allows rainforest to regrow and grows economy)
• road development to make better trade routes
• settlement growth

Question 16

What does no trees mean for rainforests

Answer 16

• no cooling if air, or absorption of CO2 and real ease of O2
• drier climate, less moisture from trees, more rural urban migration

Question 17

Cons of loss if biodiversity

Answer 17

Many animals may die out and become endangered, plants that could aid illnesses that aren’t yet discovered are destroyed

Question 18

cons of soil erosion

Answer 18

infertile land, so can’t grow plants and trees, meaning no trees to keep soil together, soil becomes eroded and loose and provides no shelter

Question 19

Pros and cons of economic development

Answer 19

Pros - development of land, more jobs for locals, more taxes for government, cheap and easy power from hydroelectric dams
Cons - serious wildfires, lots of pollution, water pollution gives people diseases and costs money

Question 20

4 layers and details of rainforest

Answer 20

1- shrub later - shrubs, seeds, plants , insects, frogs and fruit
2. under canopy - humid and damp, birds and animals disperse seeds
3. canopy - thickest layer , up to 10 seconds for raindrop to reach forest floor, most sunlight and 70% of species
4. emergent layer - oldest trees, birds, butterflies and bats, hardest layer to live in

Question 21

Gecko adaptations

Answer 21

Sticky feet to climb up smooth barked leaves

Question 22

Frog adaptations

Answer 22

Change their appearance to copy poisonous relatives to trick others into thinking they’re poisonous

Question 23

Jaguar adaptations

Answer 23

Can swim so won’t be damaged by floods

Question 24

Protection in the rainforest:

Answer 24

Ecotourism, selective logging, conservation and education, allliances, international agreements

Question 25

Ecotourism?

Answer 25

• supports local communities and protects environment
• gov protects their trees
• trees already cut down are used sustainably for eco hills for example
• locals are supported by money used to introduce people to natural wildlife

Question 26

Alliances

Answer 26

Achuar and shuar people formed an alliance to fight the threatening prophecy saying the rainforest would disappear (achuar people live in Amazon basin, have 2M acres of land across Ecuador and Peru)

Question 27

Conservation and education

Answer 27

• rainforest can be preserved in conservation areas, eg national parks
• educate public and also can be used for scientific research!

Question 28

International agreements

Answer 28

Rainforests are globally important!!

Question 29

Selective logging?

Answer 29

Only cuts down some trees down and regrows trees restoring forests, (different as most logging is clear felling which destroys ecosystems)

Question 30

Thin bark adaptation?

Answer 30

• don’t need thick, lots of moisture, slippy - hard for plants to grow and animals to climb

Question 31

Drip tips?

Answer 31

Waxy surface and pointed tips mean water can drip off during monsoons and prevents algae growth

Question 32

Leaf angling?

Answer 32

Angle leaves for max sunlight and to avoid shading itself

Question 33

Red leaves

Answer 33

Reflect red light and act like a sunscreen for young leaves

Question 34

Epiphytes?

Answer 34

Live on surfaces of plants to maximise access to sunlight

Question 35

Buttress roots?

Answer 35

Massive roots that give trees stability in thin, infertile soil