Atoms elements and mixtures Flashcards
What is covalent bonding
When two or more non-metals join together
What are elements?
Substances that cannot be broken down into anything simpler
What are elements?
Substances that cannot be broken down into anything simpler
What are the diatomic elements?
N2,H2,F2,Cl2,Br2,O2,I2
Mass of protons
1
Mass of neutrons
1
Mass of electrons
1/1840
Charge of proton
+1
Charge of electron
-1
Charge of neutron
0
What is the mass number?
The bigger number and the sum of the number of neutrons and protons
What is the atomic number also known as and why
It is also known at the proton number because it’s how many protons there are
What is the similarity between protons and electrons
There are generally the same number of them
In electronic structure of an atom, what is the max amount of electrons the first shell can hold?
2
In electronic structure of an atom, what is the max amount of electrons the second shell can hold?
8
In electronic structure of an atom, what is the max amount of electrons the third shell can hold?
8
The general eclectron rule is 2,8,8 and whatever else, true or false
True
What are columns in the periodic table called
Groups
What are rows called in the periodic table?
Periods
What’s a way to remember if columns are vertical or horizontal?
The collumbus is has vertical columns
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties true or false
True
What do atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of?
Electrons in their outer shell
So if Li is in group one and so is Na what number of electrons do they have in their outer shell
1
What is Ionic bonding
When a metal and non metal join together
What do non metal atoms make when they join together
A molecule
Eg sodium oxide has sodium in it and oxygen in it so it is a
Ionic compound
EG carbon dioxide has carbon and oxygen in it so it is
Covalent compound
How to tell what is a non metal in the periodic table
Hydrogen is a non metal and the whole of group 8 and 7 is too. Then it goes up in a diagonal so whole of group 6 apart from polonium and then most of group 5 but not tin or bismuth and keeps going till it gets to group three with boron being the only non metal in that group
Who came up with the original idea of atoms as the smallest things everything’s made of?
Democritus - 460 BC
Who discovers neutrons
Chadwick
How to work out relative atomic mass
(Relative isotopic mass (no 1) * %) + (relative isotopic mass (no 2) *%) all divided by 100
Group is vertical , true or false
True
Period is vertical true or false
False it’s horizontal
What do memebrrs of the same period have in common
They have the same number of electron shells: eg na and mg both in period 3 have 3 electron shells
Electron structure basic:
2,8,8
What are noble gases
Gases that have a full outer shell of electrons (8 electrons)
What are alkali metals
Metals in group 1 that only need to lose one electron to get a full shell- very reactive
Are noble gases very reactive or not?
Not, cause they have a full outer shell of electrons
What are halogens
In group 7, very reactive only need to gain one electron to get a full outer shell
Do metals lose or gain electrons
Lose electrons
Do non metals lose or gain electrons
Gain electrons
If u have a element eg: Na with a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 7, what is the difference in an element exactly the same apart from it is Na2-
Have same amount of protons and neutrons but 9 electrons instead
what is the rfm value
relative formula mass
what is the relative formula mass also called
Mr
how do u calculate the relative formula mass
just add all the mass numbers of the elements in the substance up, eg if it was NaN03 then it would be whatever Na is plus Nitrogen plus 3 times whatever oxygen is
what is the % by mass
add up the relative formula mass of the substance, divide it by the overall relative formula mass from the substance and then times it by 100 for percentage
