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Chemistryyy > Atoms elements and mixtures > Flashcards

Atoms elements and mixtures Flashcards

1
Q

What is covalent bonding

A

When two or more non-metals join together

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2
Q

What are elements?

A

Substances that cannot be broken down into anything simpler

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3
Q

What are elements?

A

Substances that cannot be broken down into anything simpler

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4
Q

What are the diatomic elements?

A

N2,H2,F2,Cl2,Br2,O2,I2

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5
Q

Mass of protons

A

1

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6
Q

Mass of neutrons

A

1

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7
Q

Mass of electrons

A

1/1840

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8
Q

Charge of proton

A

+1

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9
Q

Charge of electron

A

-1

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10
Q

Charge of neutron

A

0

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11
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The bigger number and the sum of the number of neutrons and protons

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12
Q

What is the atomic number also known as and why

A

It is also known at the proton number because it’s how many protons there are

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13
Q

What is the similarity between protons and electrons

A

There are generally the same number of them

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14
Q

In electronic structure of an atom, what is the max amount of electrons the first shell can hold?

A

2

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15
Q

In electronic structure of an atom, what is the max amount of electrons the second shell can hold?

A

8

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16
Q

In electronic structure of an atom, what is the max amount of electrons the third shell can hold?

A

8

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17
Q

The general eclectron rule is 2,8,8 and whatever else, true or false

A

True

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18
Q

What are columns in the periodic table called

A

Groups

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19
Q

What are rows called in the periodic table?

A

Periods

20
Q

What’s a way to remember if columns are vertical or horizontal?

A

The collumbus is has vertical columns

21
Q

Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties true or false

A

True

22
Q

What do atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of?

A

Electrons in their outer shell

23
Q

So if Li is in group one and so is Na what number of electrons do they have in their outer shell

A

1

24
Q

What is Ionic bonding

A

When a metal and non metal join together

25
Q

What do non metal atoms make when they join together

A

A molecule

26
Q

Eg sodium oxide has sodium in it and oxygen in it so it is a

A

Ionic compound

27
Q

EG carbon dioxide has carbon and oxygen in it so it is

A

Covalent compound

28
Q

How to tell what is a non metal in the periodic table

A

Hydrogen is a non metal and the whole of group 8 and 7 is too. Then it goes up in a diagonal so whole of group 6 apart from polonium and then most of group 5 but not tin or bismuth and keeps going till it gets to group three with boron being the only non metal in that group

29
Q

Who came up with the original idea of atoms as the smallest things everything’s made of?

A

Democritus - 460 BC

30
Q

Who discovers neutrons

A

Chadwick

31
Q

How to work out relative atomic mass

A

(Relative isotopic mass (no 1) * %) + (relative isotopic mass (no 2) *%) all divided by 100

32
Q

Group is vertical , true or false

A

True

33
Q

Period is vertical true or false

A

False it’s horizontal

34
Q

What do memebrrs of the same period have in common

A

They have the same number of electron shells: eg na and mg both in period 3 have 3 electron shells

35
Q

Electron structure basic:

A

2,8,8

36
Q

What are noble gases

A

Gases that have a full outer shell of electrons (8 electrons)

37
Q

What are alkali metals

A

Metals in group 1 that only need to lose one electron to get a full shell- very reactive

38
Q

Are noble gases very reactive or not?

A

Not, cause they have a full outer shell of electrons

39
Q

What are halogens

A

In group 7, very reactive only need to gain one electron to get a full outer shell

40
Q

Do metals lose or gain electrons

A

Lose electrons

41
Q

Do non metals lose or gain electrons

A

Gain electrons

42
Q

If u have a element eg: Na with a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 7, what is the difference in an element exactly the same apart from it is Na2-

A

Have same amount of protons and neutrons but 9 electrons instead

43
Q

what is the rfm value

A

relative formula mass

44
Q

what is the relative formula mass also called

A

Mr

45
Q

how do u calculate the relative formula mass

A

just add all the mass numbers of the elements in the substance up, eg if it was NaN03 then it would be whatever Na is plus Nitrogen plus 3 times whatever oxygen is

46
Q

what is the % by mass

A

add up the relative formula mass of the substance, divide it by the overall relative formula mass from the substance and then times it by 100 for percentage

Chemistryyy (40 decks)

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