Physics Space Flashcards
Way to remember order of planets
My Very Early Morning Joke (is the) S U N
Mercury, Venus, earth, mars , Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
what are the first 4 planets vs the last 4 planets called?
rocky planets va gas giants (they’re bigger!)
What’s an astronomical unit?
Mean distance from the earth to sun (mean because there aren’t perfect circles!)
Heliocentric vs geocentric?
Sun is at centre of solar system vs earth is at centre of solar system
Other objects in solar system?
Moons, natural satellites, artificial satellites, asteroids, meteors, comets
How does the orbital radius affect the speed and orbit of the earth?
The higher the orbital radius, the slower the speed and the longer the orbit
What is red shift?
As galaxies move further away, the wavelength of light increases, shifting more to the red part of the visible light spectrum because red has the longest wavelength
What is a black hole?
A very dense singularity from with no light can escape - from the remnants of a supernova
what colour are the coolest stars vs the hottest stars?
Red vs blue
Elements heavier than iron are produced in a ?
Supernova
What is Hubbles law??
The further away the star/ object the faster it’s moving
What is another price of evidence for big bang?
Cosmic microwave background radiation
What does goes into nuclear fusion, what does it release and what is required for it to take place?
Deuterium, Tritium go in and helium, lots of ENERGY and a neutron is released. REQUIRES INTENSE TEMP AND PRESSURE
Life cycle of a small star?
Nebula —> protostar —> main sequence star —> red giant —> white dwarf —> black dwarf
Explain the life cycle of a small star eg the sun
Nebula is a small cloud of dust which due to gravity is forced together to become a nebula —> protostar —> main sequence star is formed when the protostar gets hot enough to begin nuclear fusion and the star begins to glows —> red giant when the star runs out of hydrogen it expands and become a red giant—> white dwarf happens when gravity pulls atoms together —> black dwarf - when white dwarf becomes too cold and goes black
Life sequence of a red super giant
Nebula —> protostar —> main sequence star —> red super giant - star runs out of helium and expands and then collapses in on itself —> supernova explodes creating either a: —> black hole - a region of space that absorbs all light and nothing can escape from, or neutron star a very small and dense star
Difference of wavelength if object is approaching you vs if it’s moving away
Wavelength is compressed vs stretched (rarefactions)
MOST IMPORTANT PART OF SPACE ABOUT RED SHIFT!
There’s an observed ? in the wavelength of ? from most distant ? and stars. The further away the ?, the ? they’re moving and the bigger the ? increase in wavelength. This effect is called ? shift and is provided evidence that space is ? and shows that everything originated in one ?.
increase, light, universes, universes, faster, observed, red , expanding, place. THE BIG BANG!
Repeatable vs reproducible
Repeatable is when the same person can do the experiment again and get dismissed results vs reproducible is when a different person can use the same method and get similar results
Force and extension experiment method:
1. Set up equipment with ? and stand etc as shown in ?
2. Ensure that the meter ? alongside the spring is ?
3. Use the metre rule to measure ? height of the spring - to the end of the ?
4. Hang a 1? weight from the bottom of the ?
5. Record the new ? of the bottom of spring in a ?
6. Calculate the ? of the spring by subtracting the ? position from the ? position
7. Repeat steps 4-6 adding a ? on each time till it reaches 10?
- clamp, diagram
- Rule, vertical
- Vertical, spring
- Newton, spring
- Height, table
- Extension, original, new
- Newton, newton
Method of acceleration 1 - how to set up equipment?
Have a runway with a data loggers at the end. Then have a dynamics trolley on a ramp with an interrupt card and past it two light gates. Also connect the trolley to a pulley with a string.
Method of acceleration 1 -
1. Set up ? as shown in ?
2. connect the light ? to the data ? and scroll right to select ‘timing ?’ and press ?
3. Then scroll right ? to select acceleration ? with a length of 0.1 m and press ?
4. To compensate for ? the ramp should be slightly ? so it moves at a constant ?
5. Hold the trolley before first ? gate and attach 0.1 ? weight to end of ?
6. Release trolley so it ? through both ? gates
7. Record acceleration in ? and repeat ?
8. Repeat steps 5-8 increasing ? by 0.1 each time up to 1?
- Apparatus, diagram
- Gates, logger, mode, ok
- Once, mode, ok
- Friction, inclined, velocity
- Light, newton, string
- Passes, light
- Table, twice
- Weight, Newton
Method of acceleration 2? Aim is to investigate relationship between mass and acceleration of object with resultant force
1. Measure ? of trolley with a mass ?
2. set up equipment as ? in diagram
3. connect light ? to the data ? and adjust ? logged to measure ?
4. Hold trolley before ? light gates and attach 0.4 ? to the end of the ?
5. Release trolley so it ? through both light ?
6. Record ? in table and repeat ?
7. Repeat steps 5-6 adding ? mass onto the trolley each ? till 600g has been ?
- Mass, balance
- Shown
- Gate, logger, data, acceleration
- First, newtons, string
- Passes, gates
- Acceleration, twice
- 100g, time, added
How to set up acceleration 2 diagram?
Set up trolley on a ramp with a card and two light gates. Attach string to trolley and put it in a pulley. Also attach weight hanger to end
