Evolution

Question 1

What is variation

Answer 1

the differences in the characteristics of individuals in a population

Question 2

what is the equation of phenotype?

Answer 2

Genotype + environmental effects

Question 3

What is interspecific variation?

Answer 3

variation between organisms that belong to different species

Question 4

what is intraspecific variation?

Answer 4

variation within the same species - although they will have more in common with each other than with members of different species

Question 5

1 example of interspecific variation
1 example of intraspecific variation

Answer 5

1. human and a hedgehog
2. 2 humans

Question 6

A change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through a process of natural selection - what is this the definition of?

Answer 6

evolution

Question 7

what was Lamarck’s theory?
1. within a species, ? all start off looking very ?
2. some individuals would ? as a result of use or ? of a part of the body
3. offspring would then inherit their ? acquired characteristics and develop it ?
4. eventually over ? the environment would have directly affected the ? - therefore changing the nature of the ?

Answer 7

1. organisms, similar
2. change, disuse
3. parents’, further
4. time, individual, genes

Question 8

example of an acquired characteristic (Lamarck)

Answer 8

repeated use of an arm would increase its size and then would be passed on to their children and they would be able to develop the size even more!

Question 9

examples of phenotypes caused by genes only?

Answer 9

blood group, natural hair colour, shape of ear lobe, eye colour

Question 10

examples of phenotypes caused by environment ?

Answer 10

tattoos, language, hair colour and length

Question 11

examples of phenotypes caused by both?

Answer 11

sporting achievements, height, skin colour, mass

Question 12

what was the ship Darwin travelled on?

Answer 12

HMS Beagle

Question 13

What book did Darwin write?

Answer 13

The origin of a specie

Question 14

what’s the 6 steps of Darwin’s theory?
1. within a ?, there is always ?
2. a random chance ? occurs that alters the genotype and ? of some individuals in the species
3. those with the ? have a survival ? in that particular environment
4. these organisms are more lively to survive due to this ? and therefore more likely to ? and pass on this allele onto their ? . this is called an ? characteristic
5. over time the ‘mutated’ ? /characteristic becomes the ‘?’
6. this is called ? selection

Answer 14

1. species, variation
2. mutation, PHENOTYPE
3. mutation, advantage
4. characteristic/mutation, reproduce, offspring, inherited
5. phenotype, norm
6. natural

Question 15

Why did it take people a long time to believe Darwin?

Answer 15

As his theory went against religion - the idea of god creating everything

Question 16

Alfred Russel Wallace key story:
Had same ideas as ?, but had no evidence due to bad ? : first time he researched the ? sank and he lost all his ?, second time he got ? and couldn’t do any research. Wallace sent a letter to ? saying he had the same ? and they agreed to write a paper. They presented this to the ? society but only their secretary could be there, so it ?. Then after this, Darwin published his ? but omitted his name from the ? - Wallace was VERY ?

Answer 16

Darwin, luck, boat, evidence, malaria, Darwin, ideas, Lineaian, failed, book, book, angry

Question 17

What was warning colouration?
The use of ? colours to deter ?
Predators learned to ? animals with these colouration - as they are likely to taste ?, be poisonous or cause ?

Answer 17

bright, predators, avoid, bad, injury

Question 18

what did Wallace realise about warning colouration and what modern idea did this lead to being understood?

Answer 18

It must be passed on by natural selection, mimicry - the evolution of organisms by natural selection to look dangerous

Question 19

What is a species?

Answer 19

A group of organisms which have similar characteristics, and can successfully breed with each other (interbreed) to give fertile offspring

Question 20

Speciation
1. A population becomes ? isolated from the ? population, eg: by ? drift or a mountain
2. This means the new ? is exposed to different ? conditions, eg: different habitats or food ?
3. This leads to a random chance ?, creating variation in the new ? leading to a new ?
4. This new ? allows animals to survive, meaning they are more likely to ? and pass this allele on to their ? - this is called an inherited ?
5. This happens via natural ?
6. We know ? has occurred, when the new population can no ? breed with the ? one to give fertile ?

Answer 20

1. geographically, original, continental,
2. population, environmental, sources
3. mutation, population, phenotype
4. phenotype, reproduce, offspring, characteristic
5. selection
6. speciation, longer, old, offspring