respiration bio test Flashcards
word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
glucose –> lactic acid (+ energy released)
equation for anaerobic respiration in organisms such as yeast
glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy released)
when would an athlete have to respire anaerobically
when they were doing high intensity exercise, eg: sprinting
What is the downside of sprinting?
due to anaerobic respiration there is a build of lactic acid in the muscles , which lead to muscle fatigue and muscle aching
where does anaerobic respiration occur?
in the cytoplasm of cells
where does aerobic respiration occur?
in the mitochondria
what do we use the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast for?
ethanol is used to make alcoholic drinks and the carbon dioxide is used to make bread rise
other food products that use of anaerobic respiration other than yeast
yoghurt, vinegar, cheese
what two main organelles are in plant cells but not in animal cells?
chloroplasts - (for photosynthesis) and cell wall which holds the cell in place and keeps its shape
how to tell if you are breathing aerobically (C02)
breathe into limewater and if it turns cloudy you are respiring aerobically
how to test you are breathing aerobically (water)
check for condension, breathe against a cold surface such as a mirror
what happens if the alcohol level rises too high in anaerobic respiration with yeast?
it becomes too toxic and kills the yeast
anaerobic respiration in plants equation:
glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+energy)
where does anaerobic respiration in plants occur??
in the roots (in the waterlogged soil)
liquid paraffin, yeast cell experiment, what is the indicator solution in tube b?
limewater ( since it tests for carbon dioxide being present)
liquid paraffin, yeast cell experiment, what colour would the limewater be before and after the gas is bubbled through it?
colourless and then changes to cloudy in the presence of C02
liquid paraffin, yeast cell experiment, what is the purpose of the liquid paraffin in tube A
it prevents 02 from reaching the yeast - creating an anaerobic condition
after vigorous exercise lactic acid is transported to the ? from the ?
liver, muscles
what happens once lactic acid has been transported to the liver?
lactic acid is oxidised to carbon dioxide and water
what does anaerobic mean and what is it
it means respiring without oxygen and is the incomplete breakdown of glucose (without oxygen)
what does repaying the oxygen debt mean??
it means providing the skeletal muscles with enough oxygen to break down all the lactic acid
what sort of a molecule is glycogen
it’s a polymer molecule
what is a polymer molecule
a storage molecule
where is glycogen found
liver and skeletal muscles
which hormone promotes glycogen formation
insulin
when is glycogen used
blood glucose levels are low - when fasting or exercising
how is glycogen used
broken down into glucose which is then used in respiration
what is aerobic respiration
the complete breakdown of glucose and oxyge
which one - aerobic or anaerobic produces more energy
aerobic since its the complete breakdown
How to answer 6 marker - how does your fitness level affect the changes in breathing rate when exercising
answer for during and after exercising and for either unfit or fit person not both
how does your fitness level affect the changes in breathing rate when exercising : a fitter person’s heart beats more ? so it has a higher ? volume - more ? per beat so more oxygenated ? and glucose gets to the muscles more ?. Because of this breathing ? can stay lower so can supply same ? of 02 for ? respiration. when exercise stops, person’s breathing rate ? to normal more ?. as there is less oxygen ? to be repaid since they had less ? respiration and due to being fitter have a ? heart rate in general
efficiently, stroke, blood, blood, quickly, rate, amount, aerobic, returns, quickly, debt, anaerobic , lower
in exercise why does the heart rate increase/ get a lot faster
because the heart is having to pump more blood around the body and lungs to gain more oxygen for aerobic respiration, meaning more contractions and more glucose to lungs
why does breathing rate increase during exercise
because more oxygen is needed for aerobic respiration - also means more oxygen in blood and more carbon dioxide being removed
why does breath volume increase during exercise
to bring more air into lungs, meaning more oxygen in blood
why does level of glucose increase during exercise
for more aerobic respiration
why does level of glucose increase during exercise
increases supply of respiratory substrate
what is respiratory substrate
the organic nutrients oxidized at the time of respiration
metabolism is the sum of all of the ? reactions that happen in a living ?. these reactions include ? of food, aerobic and anaerobic ?, and protein ?. in plants ? is also a part of respiration!
chemical, organism, digestion, respiration , synthesis, photosynthesis
most of these metabolic ? are controlled by ?
reactions, enzymes
what does an anabolic reaction do
builds things
what does a catabolic reaction do
breaks things down
sugars, amino acids, fatty acids and ? are important in the synthesis and ? of carbohydrates, ? and lipids
glycerol, breakdown, proteins
what 3 things are glucose converted to in metabolism??
starch, glycogen and cellulose
what two substances synthesise proteins and are also used to form amino acids
glucose and nitrate ions
metabolism also ? ? excess proteins to ? urea for excretion
breaks down, form
what are the correct products of the digestion of a lipid molecule ( ratio) ?
3 fatty acids to 1 glycerol molecule
the production of an organic compound in a living thing, especially as aided by enzymes - what is this the definition of..?
synthesis/ synthesising
what 3 ways is energy from respiration used by an organism
synthesis reactions, active transport and also to maintain body temperature - ( NOT DIFFUSION!!)
