Section Four Vocab

Question 0

Sir Francis Drake

Answer 0

An English sea captain; was the first Englishman to sail around the world; was a pirate

Question 1

divine right of kings

Answer 1

the belief that kings and queens have a God-given right to rule

Question 2

Dreyfus affair

Answer 2

a scandal in France involving a Jewish army officer, Alfred Dreyfus; was falsely convicted of betraying French military secrets and was sentenced to life imprisonment

Question 3

Dunkirk

Answer 3

a remarkable retreat by the British army in World War II; Dunkirk was a town on the northern coast of France; during the Fall of France several hundred naval and civilian vessels took the troops back to England in shifts over three days

Question 4

Adolf Eichman

Answer 4

a Nazi official who was responsible for the torture and killing of millions of Jews during the Holocaust

Question 5

Elizabeth I

Answer 5

a queen of England in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who presided over the Renaissance in England

Question 6

Elizabeth II

Answer 6

the present queen of Britain

Question 7

Friedrich Engels

Answer 7

A German socialist of the nineteenth century who collaborated with Karl Marx on The Communist Manifesto

Question 8

Enlightenment

Answer 8

an intellectual movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries marked by a celebration of 1. the powers of human reason, 2. a keen interest in science, 3. the promotion of religious tolerance, 4. and a desire to construct a government free of tyranny

Question 9

Fascism

Answer 9

a system of government that flourished in Europe; ruled by one person like a dictator

Question 10

name the three fascist countries in the 1920s and their leaders

Answer 10

1. Germany under Hitler 2. Italy under Mussolini 3. and Spain under Franco were all fascist states

Question 11

fifth column

Answer 11

people willing to cooperate with and aggressor against their own country; traitors or treason

Question 12

Final Solution

Answer 12

a term applied by Nazis to the genocide of European Jews during World War II

Question 13

fall of France

Answer 13

the conquest of France by Germany in World War II

Question 14

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Answer 14

an Austrian prince whose assassination in Sarajevo in 1914 set off World War I

Question 15

Francisco Franco

Answer 15

a Spanish general and dictator of the twentieth century; a fascist who, after winning the Spanish Civil War, ruled Spain until his death

Question 16

French Revolution

Answer 16

the event at the end of the eighteenth century that ended the thousand-year rule of kings in France and established the nation as a republic

Question 17

Führer

Answer 17

the title of Adolf Hitler; is German for “leader”

Question 18

Indira Gandhi

Answer 18

served as the Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984

Question 19

(Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer 19

the leader of India’s drive for independence; promoted nonviolence and civil disobedience to achieve their independence

Question 20

Gang of Four

Answer 20

four Chinese political leaders of the twentieth century who were closely associated with torture during the Cultural Revolution