Chapter 16 Notes

Question 0

risorgimento

Answer 0

Italian for resurgence

it was a nationalist movement to revive tradition

Question 1

Congress of Vienna divided Italy into

Answer 1

several large and small states

Question 2

What were the goals of the risorgimento?

Answer 2

liberation and unification

Question 3

Carnonari

Answer 3

a secret society of nationalists who worked towards these goals

Question 4

Mazzini

Answer 4

called for Italians to be patriots and join his Young Italy movement

Question 5

Young Italy Movement

Answer 5

dedicated to spreading the ideas of the risorgimento

Question 6

King Victor Emmanuel II’s goal was to

Answer 6

expand Sardinian territory

Question 7

Camillo Cavour was

Answer 7

King Victor’s chief minister

Question 8

Napoleon III of France sent troops to

Answer 8

help drive out Austria

Question 9

war with Austria 1859

Answer 9

Sardinia and French forces drive out Austria

Question 10

the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

Answer 10

the southern half of Italy plus the island of Sicily

Question 11

Expedition of the Thousand

Answer 11

this army of Garibaldi’s of more than 1000 invaded and captured Sicily

Question 12

red shirts

Answer 12

Garibaldi’s supporters were known as this

Question 13

In 1870 what did Rome’s citizens do?

Answer 13

they voted for unification with Italy

Question 14

three problems that unification in Italy brought

Answer 14

1. Few Italians had experience with self govt 2. regions of the country remained divided by cultural traditions 3. tensions grew between the industrial N and agricultural S 4. standard of living of most Italians was low 5. labor problems arose

Question 15

was the leader of the states in Germany

Answer 15

Prussia

Question 16

there were independent states in Germany and each had their own

Answer 16

25

laws, currency, and rulers

Question 17

leads fight for unification

Answer 17

Prussia

Question 18

strengthening the army

Answer 18

army drafts soldiers for short periods of intensive training then soldiers go into reserves

Question 19

Napoleon’s rule inspired in Germany

Answer 19

nationalism

Question 20

nationalism

Answer 20

love of one’s country rather than of one’s native region

Question 21

junkers

Answer 21

a class of aristocratic landowners

Question 22

the junkers had complaints on tariffs because

Answer 22

they were hurting the sales of farm products

Question 23

Zollverein

Answer 23

customs union of the German states that made prices lower and more uniform

Question 24

politically each state continued

Answer 24

to act independently

Question 25

a constitution in Germany provided for and becomes king of Prussia who appointed to head of the cabinet

Answer 25

a hereditary monarchy William I Otto von Bismarck

Question 26

Schleswig and Holstein

Answer 26

two small states on the border between Denmark and Germany and were the focus of the Danish War because Denmark refused to revoke their constitution

Question 27

at the end of the Danish War Prussia controls and Austria controls

Answer 27

Schleswig | Holstein

Question 28

Seven Weeks' War Bismarck prepares for and persuaded and made an alliance with

Answer 28

conflict with Austria Napoleon III to remain neutral the new nation of Italy

Question 29

Outcome of the Seven Weeks' War

Answer 29

Prussians defeated Austrians in seven weeks and the Treaty of Prague officially ended the war; Prussia emerges as the leader of the German Confederation

Question 30

Franco-Prussian War

Answer 30

July 1870 France declared war on Prussia and in January 1871 Paris surrendered; France lost Alsace and part of Lorraine

Question 31

formation of the German Empire

Answer 31

Jan. 18, 1871 the German empire was formed with Berlin as the capital; Bismarck was named chancellor of the empire

Question 32

what were the upper and lower houses

Answer 32

Bundesrat was the upper house Reichstag was the lower house both of these were parts of the German legislature

Question 33

problems for the German empire after it was formed

Answer 33

constitution gave Bismarck limited power dissatisfied groups formed political parties that opposed Bismarck people feared Bismarck's military policy and the army Bismarck was Protestant

Question 34

Kultukampf

Answer 34

German for culture struggle was an anti-Catholic program in 1887 the program ended in failure

Question 35

German empire turns into an because rich in the natural resources of

Answer 35

industrial giant | coal and iron deposits

Question 36

Social Democratic Party (SDP)

Answer 36

formed in 1869 and members came from urban workers

Question 37

antisocial campaign by Bismarck

Answer 37

in 1883 laws gave workers insurance against sickness and accidents that were paid for by the employers

Question 38

resignation of Bismarck in 1888 Kaiser William I died and

Answer 38

William II was the grandson of William I who became the new emperor; he believed in the absolute authority of the emperor and in 1890 Bismarck resigned

Question 39

by the early 1900s was stronger than ever before but conflicts soon arose with

Answer 39

Germany | Great Britain

Question 40

in the mid 1800s was the largest in and

Answer 40

Russia territory population

Question 41

problems in Russia

Answer 41

industrial development lagged in Russia resources lay undeveloped ports were blocked by ice for much of the year

Question 42

ethnic groups in Russia

Answer 42

Belorussians-White Russians-west Ukrainians-south Great Russians-north and central Russia

Question 43

czar ruled as an which is

Answer 43

autocrat | a ruler with absolute power

Question 44

Russification

Answer 44

forced nonrussians to use the Russian language

Question 45

pan slavism

Answer 45

the union of all Slavic people under Russian leadership | the union of all the Russian people

Question 46

in 1855 became czar

Answer 46

Alexander II

Question 47

Emancipation Edict

Answer 47

it freed all serfs but created some problems as well; the peasants could get land but couldn't afford it so moved to towns because they were unable to either buy or rent land

Question 48

zemstov

Answer 48

a rural district

Question 49

three groups with the right to vote

Answer 49

nobles middle class peasants

Question 50

nihilists

Answer 50

middle and upper class intellectuals who believed in building a completely new Russia

Question 51

People's Will

Answer 51

a Russian radical group that used terrorism to try to force the government to grant its demands

Question 52

in 1881 Alexander II was

Answer 52

killed in a bomb attack by the People's Will

Question 53

pogroms

Answer 53

riots where Jews were massacred

Question 54

Bloody Sunday

Answer 54

czar's troops shot unarmed strikers triggered the Revolution of 1905 October Manifesto promised individual liberties/personal liberties were given to the people

Question 55

Duma

Answer 55

the new parliament in Russia

Question 56

the Revolution of 1905 failed

Answer 56

to overthrow the czar

Question 57

Hungary

Answer 57

one of the largest parts of the Austro-Hungarian empire

Question 58

Magyars

Answer 58

largest part of the Austro-Hungarian population

Question 59

dual monarchy was

Answer 59

formed in 1867 when Hungary wanted independence and it was also called Austria-Hungary; the ruler was Francis Joseph I

Question 60

Hungary furnished and Austria produced

Answer 60

raw materials and food | manufactured goods

Question 61

Ottoman Empire

Answer 61

known as the sick man of Europe because its military defeats had decreased the empire's territory; many were Christians and Jews

Question 62

The Ottoman empire region contained many that wanted to

Answer 62

diverse groups | govern themselves

Question 63

Foreign countries such as were interested because could gain

Answer 63

Russia Russia a water route from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea

Question 64

Balkan League

Answer 64

Bulgaria Serbia Greece Montenegro