Chapter 11 Notes Flashcards by Elizabeth Glass

Petition of Right

This was forced onto Charles I by the Parliament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Charles I was a believer in

the divine right theory

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What did the Petition of Right say?

king could not tax unless Parliament approved it 2. the could not declare martial law 3. cannot board/house/shelter soldiers in private homes 4. the king could not imprison without a reason

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

martial law means

military rule

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What was Charles I’s religious troubles about?

Charles liked the Anglican Church but he married a French Catholic; the Puritans opposed Charles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

royal courts used by Charles

used to get rid of people he didn’t like

the Star Chamber

the Court of High Commissions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Matters in Scotland

Charles I tried to force Anglican policies in Scotland

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

National Covenant (1638)

the Scottish said that they were going to stand by their policies and not bow to the English’s wishes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the Long Parliament

is set up after Charles I dismissed Parliament; met for the first time in 1640 and met for the next 20 years

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The House of Commons in the Long Parliament was controlled by the

Puritans

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Long Parliament condemned Charles I as a

tyrant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The English Civil War lasted from

1642-1649

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cavaliers

AKA Royalists; supported King Charles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Roundheads

supported Parliament (mostly Puritans)
(name came from their haircut)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oliver Cromwell

Puritan leader during the English Civil War; was disciplined and dictorial and very strict

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

New Model Army

the name of Cromwell’s army

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Commonwealth

the new government of England

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

January 1649

Charles is defeated, convicted of treason, and beheaded

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who was the Lord Protector in Cromwell’s Commonwealth?

the Lord Protector was the leader of England and it was Cromwell’s title after the commonwealth was set up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Instrument of Government (1653)

Cromwell’s guidelines for governing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happened at the end of the revolution and after Cromwell had died?

in 1660 Parliament invites Charles II (son of Charles I) to return as king of England

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Charles II

son of Charles I

nickname was the Merry Monarch

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Restoration

the monarchy was restored to England

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What did the Restoration reflect?

It reflected a new beginning or rebirth of culture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tories

favored the Anglican Church and hereditary monarchy

Whigs

favored a strong Parliament, opposed a Roman Catholic ruler

James

the brother of Charles II

in 1685 James

inherits the throne; was an absolute ruler

James had 2

daughters; Mary and Anne; Mary is oldest

Both daughters

are married and are Protestant

James then had a son so there was a threat of

a line of Roman Catholic monarchs

1688 Parliament invites

Mary and her husband to replace James as monarch

Glorious Revolution/ "Bloodless Revolution"

William and Mary invade; James flees and William and Mary become duel monarchs

Leviathan | this is a book

written by Thomas Hobbes and it is his political philosophies

Hobbes said in his book that

people choose their leader

Social Contract said

we give the leader enough power in exchange for safety

Natural world

only the strong will survive

natural rights

John Locke introduced this concept; life liberty and the right to property

John Locke said that if a ruler broke or violated rights

he could be replaced

Two Treatises on Government | John Locke's publication

it said an individual's rights are superior

writ

a court order

Habeas Corpus means

you shall have the body

the Habeas Corpus Act protected individuals

against unfair arrest

English Bill of Rights

1. Parliament will choose the leader of the government 2. freedom of speech 3. The king cannot impose taxes 4. Parliament must meet frequently 5. no cruel/unusual punishment 6. prohibits excessive bail

Parliament was composed of

two chambers or houses

The House of Lords

nobility and clergy

House of Commons

made up of representatives from the rest of the population

Cabinet

they are an advisory body and are in charge of an executive department

Prime Minister

head of the majority party and leader of the government

first prime minister of England

Robert Walpole

limited constitutional monarchy

the crown has powers restricted by a constitution

British constitution consisted of several documents that combine to form the basis of govt in England

Magna Carta; Bill of Rights; the Petition of Right; Habeas Corpus; tradition; Parliamentary legislation

John Cabot

his voyage gave England its first claim in North America; he was a Venetian captain who sailed for England

sea dogs

adventurous English sea captains that were traders but MOSTLY pirates and explorers

Sir Francis Drake

first English sea captain to sail around the world

Northwest Passage

a northern water route to Asia through or around North America but was never found

Henry Hudson

one of the first to search for the Northwest Passage; sailed for the Dutch and discovered the Hudson River and Hudson Bay

Jamestown

the first permanent English settlement in North America; established in 1607

Plymouth Colony

founded by Pilgrims to escape religious persecution; second permanent English colony established; is in Massachusetts

two reasons people came to North America

1. came to find religious or political freedom and escape persecution 2. came for better lives for their families

Enlightenment (1700s)

a movement where philosophers emphasized the use of reason

the Enlightenment period was also called

the Age of Reason

philosophes

the thinkers during the Enlightenment period

the philosophies emphasized

freedom of religion, reform for the prison system, no government censorship

The Spirit of Laws (1748)

Montesquieu's book where he described the perfect government

Montesquieu introduced the idea of separation of powers which is

where the government is divided into three co-equal branches- executive, legislative, judicial

executive is there to

enforce (execute) the law

legislative branch is there to

make the law

judicial is there to

interpret the law

Checks and balances

it prevents 1 of the 3 branches from dominating the other two

Voltaire said that the best type of ruler was an

Enlightened Monarch which means there would be a king or queen that was educated and would protect the rights of his subjects

Rosseau's The Social Contract was

a book that described an ideal society

popular sovereignty

the government is created and controlled by the people

general will

what's best for the majority