Chapter 21 Notes Flashcards
1
Q
Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928
A
Frank B. Kellogg- US secretary of state
Aristide Briand-French minister
agreement made war illegal
2
Q
Japan made one of the first
A
challenges to the pact
3
Q
Osachi Hamaguchi 1930
A
prime minister of Japan and was fatally shot
4
Q
in September 1931 Japan’s forces take
A
control of Manchuria
5
Q
by 1939 Japan controls
A
most of China
6
Q
Mussolini and overseas expansion
A
believed expansion would ease some of Italy’s economic problems
7
Q
Ethiopia
A
one of the few independent nations in Africa and the first target of Mussolini
8
Q
1935 Italian forces and in 1936 Mussolini
A
invaded and defeated Ethiopia
adds Ethiopia to the empire
9
Q
2nd Spanish Republic
A
new government of Spain in the early 30s
10
Q
new government splits Spain into two groups
A
Nationalists vs. Loyalists
11
Q
Nationalists were also called
A
Falangists
12
Q
the Falange was
A
a fascist party led by General Francisco Franco
13
Q
Loyalists
A
supported the Republic
14
Q
Germany and Italy sent
A
military to help the Nationalists
15
Q
Rome-Berlin Axis
A
a military alliance between Hitler and Mussolini
16
Q
International Brigade
A
volunteers from France, Great Britain, and the US that helped the Republic
17
Q
by the spring of 1939 the Nationalists forces
A
had defeated the Loyalists
18
Q
General Franco becomes
A
Spain’s head of the state/dictator
19
Q
1933- Hitler announces
A
that he would rearm the country
20
Q
1936 March-Hitler and violates
A
marches his troops into the Rhineland
the Treaty of Versailles
21
Q
Axis Powers
A
Hitler and Mussolini called themselves this; their new name
22
Q
Anti-Comminturn Pact
A
Japan and Germany signed this; it is against communism; promising to stop the spread of communism
23
Q
Austrian Chancellor agrees
A
to union with Germany
24
Q
Hitler takes
A
Austria with a show of force
25
Anschluss
the union between Germany and Austria; meant "living space"?/expand
26
Sudetenland was located
on the western part of Czechoslovakia
27
how many Germans were there living in the Sudetenland
more than 3 million
28
natural defense for Germany in the Sudetenland
a chain of mountains
29
appeasement
the policy of giving in to the aggressor to keep the peace
30
Munich Conference (September 29, 1938)
was called by Hitler
| Neville Chamberlain, the English Prime Minister, and Edouard Daladier, the French Prime Minister, attended
31
Hitler promised what at the Munich Conference?
he promised no more territorial acquisitions
32
March 1939 German troops invade
Czechoslovakia
33
Britain and France realize
they cannot trust the dictators and cannot ignore them anymore
and prepare for war by rearming
34
Stalin's concerns about allying with Britain and France
Stalin feared the Western powers would welcome the chance to turn Hitler loose on them because they hate communism
35
Nazi-Soviet Pact (Aug. 1939)
a non-aggression pact where both promise not to attack the other; Germany would take western Poland and the Soviet Union would take eastern Poland
36
Danzig
seaport city in Poland
37
Polish corridor
a strip of land that gave Germany access to the sear
38
Sept. 1, 1939 Hitler
attacks Poland and starts WWII
39
September 3, 1939 Britain and France
declare war on Germany
40
blitzkrieg
means lightning war; attack with great speed and force
41
after a month of fight Poland
surrendered to Hitler
42
France move along the with their fortifications in
Maginot Line
| France
43
Germany move along the fortifications in
Siegfried Line
| the Rhineland
44
"phony war"
about seven months between Poland's surrender and the next battle; the armies weren't fighting
45
Soviets invade Sept. 1939 and Nov. 1939
eastern Poland
| Finland
46
the low countries
the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
47
Hitler invades and in April 1940 and Germany gains
Denmark
Norway
an outlet to the sea
48
France and Britain finally realize
that Hitler was an immediate threat to their safety
49
the new English Prime Minister May 10, 1940
Winston Churchill
50
allied troops attempt to escape from
Dunkirk
51
May 27- June 4
about 338,000 soldiers were transported across the channel to England and safety
52
Hitler's failure to attack
allowed the Allies to escape and was a costly mistake
53
After Dunkirk, France was
left to fight alone on the European continent
54
June 14, 1940 the Germans
enter Paris
55
German troops occupy including
northern France
| Paris
56
French leader willing to surrender to Germany
Philippe Petain
57
moves the French government to
Vichy
58
German controlled government of France
| referred to as a
Vichy France
| puppet government
59
led the Free French Movement
General Charles de Gaulle
60
Free French Movement
a secret resistance movement to undermine the Nazi war effort/sabotage
61
Luftwaffe
German air force
62
Royal Air Force (RAF)
Britain's air force/ saved Great Britain
63
Neutrality Acts (1935 and 1937)
U.S. could not 1. sell war equipment to warring nations 2. make loans to these nations 3. or sail on their ships/couldn't sail in the war zones
64
isolationists
believed Europe's wars should not concern the US
65
Destroyer Deal
we give 50 old destroyers to Great Britain
66
Congress passes
the first national draft
67
Lend-Lease Act
authorized the president to supply war materials to Great Britain on credit
68
Atlantic Charter (August 1941)
attended by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill
| U.S. announces the democratic goals shared by Great Britain and the US
69
the German airfare and was used to soften up Great Britain for invasion
Luftwaffe
70
said that Americans could not sell military equipment to warring nations, make loans to these nations, or sail on their ships
Neutrality Acts
71
a new kind of warfare that took place with great speed and force
blitzkrieg
72
the Frenchman who led the Free French government in its continued opposition to Germany
Charles de Gaulle
73
authorized the president to supply war materials to Great Britain on credit
Lend-Lease Act
74
replaced Neville Chamberlain as prime minister and was one of the few politicians to speak out against appeasement in the 1930s
Winston Churchill
75
the German air raids on Britain and the British efforts to counter these nightly raids
Battle of Britain
76
Spain under the rule of remained
Franco
| neutral
77
Mussolini hoped to build
a Mediterranean empire for Italy
78
British liberated
Ethiopia
79
Erwin Rommel
the commander of the German troops in N. Africa known as the "Desert Fox"
80
El Alamein (October 1941)
Axis forces forced to retreat and was a major turning point in this area
81
June 22, 1941 Germany invades
Russia
82
"scorched earth"
slowly retreating soldiers and civilians carried everything they could and burned the rest
83
spring 1942 offensive to the south- Hitler wants to
take the oil producing area and some farmland
84
Stalingrad's capture
was made the main objective of the offensive
85
Sept 1940 Japan allies with
Germany and Italy
| known as the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
86
Hideki Tojo
Japanese premier and head of the government
87
early 1941 the Japanese government realized
that their most dangerous potential threat was the U.S.
88
Dec. 7, 1941
Japanese launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor with the goal of destroying the US Pacific fleet
89
FDR quote about Pearl Harbor
a day that will live in infamy
90
Dec. 8, 1941 Congress
declares war on Japan
91
Hitler's New Order
wanted to make the European continent into a single political and economic system
92
planned to gain " " in eastern Europe
living space
93
pure " " would colonize the area
Aryan race
94
land in Soviet Union would supply Germany with
food and raw materials
95
1941- Hitler ordered the destruction of
Europe's entire Jewish population
96
program to eradicate entire Jewish population
the Final Solution
97
genocide
the systematically erase an entire ethnic race
98
military branch of the Nazi party
SS
99
leader of the Ss and headed the Final Solution
Heinrich Himmler
100
Wannsee Conference Jan. 1942
Hitler set out a systematic plan for exterminating the Jews in concentration camps
101
"Arbeit Macht Frei"
work makes you free
102
Holocaust
the Nazi genocide where they killed 6 million Jews
| means fire that consumes/ fire that burns completely
103
Battle of Stalingrad
lasted for six months
| on Feb. 2, 1943 the German troops surrender and it becomes a major turning point in the war
104
Dwight D. Eisenhower
leads the troops in North Africa
105
Mid May 1943
the Axis forces in North Africa were forced to surrender
106
"soft underbelly of the axis"
refers to southern Italy where the Axis Powers were the most vulnerable
107
Coral Sea
fought entirely in the air
108
Midway
Allied victory; Allies go on the offensive
109
Guadalcanal
first American invasion Japanese-held territory
110
island
take key islands and bypass others
111
D Day/Normandy invasion (June 6, 1944)
also called Operation Overlord
| resulted in the liberation of France
112
April 30, 1945 Hitler
committed suicide
113
May 8, 1945
V-E Day
| the day of victory in Europe
114
Yalta Conference
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin decide how to divide Germany
115
Potsdam Conference
Truman, Churchill, and Stalin; unconditional surrender of Japan
116
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
two cities that were both bombed with atomic bombs
| August 6, 1945 and August 9, 1945
117
September 2, 1945
V-J Day
| victory in Japan
118
a long and bloody six month battle that proved to be a major turning point in the war
Battle of Stalingrad
119
belief that Japanese pilots-called kamikazes- would save the empire if they were willing to die for the emperor
"Divine Wind"
120
commander of the US troops who, with the British, forced Axis Powers in North Africa to surrender
Dwight D. Eisenhower
