Chapter 19 Part 1 Notes

Question 1

global epidemic (1918-1919) three waves of hit worldwide

Answer 1

influenza pandemic

Question 2

pandemic

Answer 2

an epidemic that occurs over a large geographic area and affects a significant portion of the population

Question 3

“Spanish Influenza”

Answer 3

called this because it spread quickly throughout Spain

Question 4

doctors knew and were unable to

Answer 4

little about how such diseases developed and spread

overcome the deadly disease

Question 5

estimated death toll

Answer 5

above 20 million

Question 6

moral relativism argued

Answer 6

that values differ greatly in different societies and no one could say that one set of principles was good for all groups

Question 7

Oswald Spengler wrote

Answer 7

Decline of the West

Question 8

the Decline of the West said that

Answer 8

civilization passed form youth to maturity to old age to death and that civilization would eventually disintegrate

Question 9

“Lost Generation” authors reflected

Answer 9

a generation that had lost its moral grounding during the war

Question 10

Ernest Hemingway wrote

Answer 10

The Sun Also Rises

Question 11

F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote

Answer 11

The Great Gatsby

Question 12

T.S. Elliot wrote

Answer 12

The Waste Land and talked about a world without faith

Question 13

1920s were known as

Answer 13

the Roaring 20’s

Question 14

1920s marked the rise of

Answer 14

leisure activities and consumer goods

Question 15

chief form of entertainment (1920-1930)

Answer 15

motion pictures

Question 16

most movies offered

Answer 16

viewers escape and entertainment

Question 17

The Jazz Singer (1927)

Answer 17

revolutionized film by introducing sound (talkies)

Question 18

main spectator sports during this time

Answer 18

baseball, golf, tennis, and soccer which is also called football

Question 19

Olympics were and played every

Answer 19

revived in 1896

four years

Question 20

More people began to purchase

Answer 20

consumer goods

Question 21

prices for items(once a luxury)

Answer 21

dropped significantly

Question 22

radio advertisements

Answer 22

brought commercials right into people’s homes

Question 23

buying on credit

Answer 23

allowed people to instantly purchase and get the products that they wanted

Question 24

younger generation began to

Answer 24

challenge “proper” societal norms

Question 25

flappers

Answer 25

young women who wore short hair and short skirts and went out to public places such as jazz clubs

Question 26

prohibition

Answer 26

making alcoholic beverages illegal; couldn't transport it, make it, or sell it

Question 27

18th amendment

Answer 27

established prohibition

Question 28

21st amendment

Answer 28

repealed the 18th amendment

Question 29

young women who began to challenge "proper" societal norms by wearing short hair and skirts and going out to jazz clubs

Answer 29

flappers

Question 30

American woman who coined the term the "Lost Generation"

Answer 30

Gertrude Stein

Question 31

architect who believed that building should fit into their environment

Answer 31

Frank Lloyd Wright

Question 32

group of American writes who expressed their dissatisfaction with traditional ideas

Answer 32

Lost Generation

Question 33

painter who created a new style called cubism

Answer 33

Pablo Picasso

Question 34

much of prosperity fueled by

Answer 34

industry

Question 35

European farmland

Answer 35

had been destroyed during the war

Question 36

1918 peace: demand for certain crops and ag prices

Answer 36

fell | dropped

Question 37

farmers and now had problems

Answer 37

borrowed money | paying their debts

Question 38

protectionism also called

Answer 38

economic nationalism

Question 39

economic nationalism occurs when

Answer 39

nations tried to protect domestic industries by limiting trade with others

Question 40

to protect industries nations

Answer 40

established tariffs on imports

Question 41

market speculation

Answer 41

risky investments

Question 42

stock market- organization

Answer 42

through which shares of stock in companies are bought and sold

Question 43

company issues stock to

Answer 43

raise money for its business (quickly)

Question 44

1920s stock prices and investors

Answer 44

soared | made large profits

Question 45

Oct. 29, 1929 "Black Tuesday"-sudden sell off drove

Answer 45

stock prices tumbling

Question 46

many stocks (overnight) became

Answer 46

virtually worthless

Question 47

savers rushed to

Answer 47

their banks to withdraw their savings

Question 48

banks didn't have

Answer 48

adequate cash reserves (to honor that many withdrawals)

Question 49

banks demanded

Answer 49

borrowers repay their loans

Question 50

thousands of banks and customers

Answer 50

were forced into bankruptcy

Question 51

collapse of stock market marked beginning of

Answer 51

a world wide depression

Question 52

causes of the Great Depression

Answer 52

overproduction, bank failures, and downward trend in business

Question 53

overproduction

Answer 53

farmers and factories produced more than the people could buy

Question 54

bank failures

Answer 54

banks loaning large sums of money; the borrowers couldn't pay back their loans; 1929-1932 over 5000 banks closed in the U.S.

Question 55

downward trend

Answer 55

many businesses closed and wages were cut along with mass layoffs

Question 56

unemployment

Answer 56

about 12 million people out of work in the US (25%)

Question 57

Herbert Hoover

Answer 57

becomes President in 1928; "Prosperity just around the corner"

Question 58

"ride the rails"

Answer 58

homeless, jobless teenagers hitching rides on boxcars on trains from town to town (about 250,000)

Question 59

"Hoovervilles"

Answer 59

shack villages that were put up by the homeless

Question 60

"Hoover Flags"

Answer 60

men would take their pockets and turn them out to signify that they had no money

Question 61

"Hoover blankets"

Answer 61

people that were sleeping on park benches, whatever they could find to cover up with

Question 62

"Hoover leather"

Answer 62

here people had to cut out pieces of cardboard to fill in the holes in the soles of their shoes

Question 63

"Hoover stew"

Answer 63

a soup that was very thin that was served at soup kitchens

Question 64

1932 presidential election

Answer 64

Franklin Roosevelt defeated Hoover

Question 65

brain trust

Answer 65

Roosevelt surrounds himself with college professors and experts

Question 66

bank holiday

Answer 66

Roosevelt implements this; every bank in America closed

Question 67

Emergency Banking Relief Act

Answer 67

the government would decide which banks would healthy and strong enough to remain open

Question 68

fireside chats

Answer 68

radio addresses to the people by Roosevelt

Question 69

New Deal

Answer 69

FDR's program to combat the Great Depression

Question 70

Hundred Days (March 9- June 16 1933)

Answer 70

Congress and the President pass legislation that make up the New Deal

Question 71

goals of the New Deal

Answer 71

relief-for the unemployed; recovery-get businesses, banks, and industry going again; reform-make sure this does not happen again

Question 72

Civilian Conservation Corps; CCC

Answer 72

put young men planting trees, working in national parks, and building bridges

Question 73

Tennessee Valley Authority; TVA

Answer 73

built dams in the Tennessee Valley; resulted in more jobs and hydroelectricity (powered six or more rural states)

Question 74

Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.;FDIC

Answer 74

protected a depositor's money in the bank up to a certain amount

Question 75

Rural Electrification Project;REP

Answer 75

brought electricity to rural areas

Question 76

Agricultural Adjustment Admin; AAA

Answer 76

payed farmers to not grow certain crops

Question 77

Social Security Act; SSA

Answer 77

pensions for retired(elderly), disabled/handicapped, and survivors

Question 78

most tragic thing in France

Answer 78

a large number of their young men had died during the war

Question 79

during the war North France was

Answer 79

a major battleground

Question 80

modern parts of agriculture and industry

Answer 80

had been destroyed and were outdated

Question 81

Maginot Line

Answer 81

a system of steel and concrete fortifications to separate France from Germany that stretched nearly 200 miles

Question 82

Locarno Pact(1925)

Answer 82

delegates pledged that their countries would peacefully settle any future disputes

Question 83

major problem of the government

Answer 83

no party could gain enough power to govern alone

Question 84

economic problems of Great Britain

Answer 84

1. outdated factories and machinery 2. high tariffs 3. competition from Japan and the US

Question 85

by 1921 in Great Britain

Answer 85

nearly 1/4 of their workforce was unemployed

Question 86

coalition government

Answer 86

make up of several parties that agree to work together

Question 87

formed between

Answer 87

the Labour Party and the Liberal Party

Question 88

led by leader of the

Answer 88

Ramsay MacDonald | Labour Party

Question 89

Austria was a and many wanted to unite with

Answer 89

small poor nation | Germany

Question 90

Hungary became a in 1918 but it was

Answer 90

republic | eventually overthrown

Question 91

Poland located between

Answer 91

Germany and Russia