Chapter 26 Notes Flashcards by Elizabeth Glass

1969 becomes US president

Richard Nixon

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“Vietnamization”

planned for South Vietnam to take over the fighting; American troops gradually withdraw

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Jan, 27, 1973 Paris Peace Accords

communist leaders accept peace and it stated the United States and the allies would leave Vietnam

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negative impact on the US

wounded- over 300,000, wall- about 58,000, MIAs and POWs- about 2,000?

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economic strain of Vietnam War

about $150 billion

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the Vietnam War divided

the American public

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Kent State University

national guard fired into a group of student protestors

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trust in our national leaders

had gone to being disillusioned with the government and not trusting our leaders

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1972 Watergate Hotel (Washington D.C.)

the location of the Democratic National Committee; burglars break into the headquarters

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Washington Post Newspaper

a tip revealed that President Nixon’s officials knew of the breakin

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Pres. Nixon’s involvement

knew of the break in and cover up

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August 1974

President Nixon resigns and is the only president to do so

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Becomes the new president after Nixon

Gerald Ford

was the only Vice President and President to not be elected to those posts

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Jimmy Carter

1976; Iranian militants in 1979 seize the embassy and have hostages

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Ronald Reagan

1980 and 1984; known as the “Great Communicator”; National Security Council illegally sold weapons to fund rebels in Nicaragua; known as the Iran-contra affair

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famous quote of Reagan

Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall. message to Soviet leader regarding the Berlin Wall

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George H. W. Bush

1988 elected president; leadership in the Persian Gulf War

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Bill Clinton

1992; December 1998 impeachment proceedings begin against Clinton and in February of 1999 Clinton was acquitted of all charges

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George W. Bush

2000; election was unique because he lost the popular vote; begins the War on Terrorism after 9/11

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Barack Obama

2008 and 2012; first minority President

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emphasis in American foreign policy beginning in the 1970s was to

reduce tensions with the Soviet Union

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in 1972 Nixon was the first American President to

visit Russia

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Leonid Brezhnev

the Soviet leader

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Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

Known as SALT

limit nuclear arsenal

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Detente

"easing of strain"; referred to the US Soviet relations

weapons of mass destruction

(WMD) nuclear, chemical, and biological

"New World Order"

the stronger countries would defend the weaker countries

Margaret Thatcher

the Iron Lady | first female Prime Minister of Great Britain

Falkland Islands

islands off the coast of Argentina; Argentine forces invade and the British take back the islands

John Major

succeeded Thatcher

Prime Minister today

David Cameron

1922 Republic of Ireland (south) gets

its independence from Great Britain

North Ireland

stayed with the United Kingdom; religion Protestant | resentment between the Protestants and the Catholics

late 1960s violent protests between

the Catholics and Protestants

Irish Republican army (IRA)

they were Catholic | drive out the British at all costs

in the late 1960s West Germany becomes

a major world power "West German Miracle"

biggest challenge

relationship with East Germany

"ostopolitik"

referred to the policy toward Eastern Germany

Helmut Kohl

the chancellor of West Germany and his biggest challenge was to unify Germany

1989 the Berlin Wall

comes down

October 1990 Germany is

unified

Helsinki Accords (1975)

security and cooperation in Europe; peaceful settlement of disputes

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NATO; objective- keep Western Europe safe during the Cold War

1993- new organization in Europe

European Union (EU) have free trade (no barriers) single currency

Soviet satellite

independent countries that were actually controlled by the USSR

Brezhnev Doctrine

Soviets would step in if there was an attempt to break away

Mikhail Gorbachev

last Communist leader

Glastnost

policy of "openness" | people could criticize the government; ease censorship; freedom of religion

Perestroika

economic restructure

Boris Yeltsin

1991- first elected President in Russia; marks the end of 74 years of Communism

Chechnya

people wanted to break away (bitter fighting)

Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania 1990

first 3 republics to get their independence

Commonwealth of Independent States

CIS, formed after the breakup of the USSR; creation of 15 independent states

Vladimir Putin

the Russian president today

New York City- Trade Center

first attack; a truck bomb in the N. Tower parking garage was detonated; the intent was to bring down the N. Tower and possibly hit the South Tower

Oklahoma City

a federal building was bombed by a truck bomb that had detonated; Tim McVeigh and Terry Nichols were the bombers and Tim was executed and Terry got life in prison

World Trade Center 9/11

the North and South towers collapsed after being hit by the airliners

Pentagon

the headquarters of our defense department

Flight 93

passengers overtake the airplane and force a crash landing

President Bush call to action

"This was an act of war" | "You're either for us or you're with the terrorists"

Office of Homeland Security

a new cabinet post created after 9/11

Patriot Act (2001)

it gave more power to the government to investigate terroristic activities

Taliban

organization that governed Afghanistan

al Queda

"the base" -holy war led by Osama bin Laden

sleeper cells

terroristic organizations that may exist without our knowledge