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10th World History > Chapter Five > Flashcards

Chapter Five Flashcards

0
Q

The Holy Land is known as

A

Palestine

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1
Q

The Crusades

A

a series of military expeditions to regain the Holy Land

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2
Q

Seljuk Turks

A

Muslims from East Asia

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3
Q

What was the Council of Clermont

A

a meeting that Pope Urban II called to urge the crusaders to take back the holy land after he sees the holy land being taken

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4
Q

What does Pope Urban II do at the Council of Clermont?

A

issues a call to recapture the holy land

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5
Q

Crusader

A

Term for people who volunteered to fight in the Crusades

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6
Q

How many people volunteered for the Crusades?

A

About 60,000 people volunteered to fight against the Turks

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7
Q

Promises made to those who fought in the Crusades

A
  1. Adventure 2. If you die in battle you will receive salvation 3. the rumor of wealth and riches
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8
Q

What happened to Jerusalem in the first Crusade

A

Was captured by the Muslims and Christians won it at the end of the Crusades

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9
Q

Saladin

A

Muslim leader in the third Crusade

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10
Q

The European leaders of the third crusade

A
  1. Frederick Barbardsa- Holy Roman Emperor 2. Richard the Lionhearted- King of England 3. Philip II- King of France
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11
Q

How successful were the leaders of the third Crusade

A

All three were unsuccessful

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12
Q

What did the merchants of Venice, Italy do in the fourth crusade

A

They persuaded the Crusaders to attack Constantinople

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13
Q

What was Constantinople

A

The rival city of Venice

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14
Q

What happened in 1204 to Constantinople

A

It is taken and looted by the crusaders and the crusaders were excommunicated

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15
Q

What happened at the beginning of the Children’s Crusade

A

an army of children marched towards the Holy Land

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16
Q

How did the Children’s Crusade end

A

Thousands were captured and sold into slavery

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17
Q

What was the overall objective of the Crusades

A

to regain control of the Holy Land

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18
Q

Were the Crusades a success

A

no. they were a failure because only one was successful

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19
Q

What was the political result of the Crusades

A

the European kings regained their authority

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20
Q

usury

A

loaning money for very high interest

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21
Q

bills of exchange

A

merchants payed for goods in distant cities without having to carry large amounts of money

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22
Q

What was the economic and social change brought about by the Crusades?

A

wealth not property determined one’s social status

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23
Q

three trading cities of Italy

A

Genoa, Pisa, and Venice

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24
Hanseatic League
located in Germany; a group of trading cities joined together to protect their rights and interests
25
What was the reason that the Hanseatic League was formed?
There was a weak central government so they came together to control trade and protect their rights, interests, and members
26
name some luxury goods
dyes, medicines, silks, and spices
27
name some manufactured goods
cotton cloth, linen, and art objects
28
barter economy
goods and services were exchanged for other goods and services without the use of money
29
domestic system
a system of manufacturing that developed in the Middle Ages where manufacturing took place in a worker's home rather than in a shop or factory
30
capital
wealth that is earned, saved, and invested to make profits
31
market economy
land, labor, and capital are controlled by individuals
32
usury
charging interests on loans
33
charters
written statements of the rights of the townspeople
34
what were the four basic rights granted to townspeople
freedom exemption town justice commercial privileges
35
freedom
if you lived in the town for a year and a day you would be granted freedom
36
exemption
free from work on the manor once granted freedom
37
town justice
the court system of the towns
38
commercial privileges
you could sell your goods in town
39
the new middle class fell between
the nobility and the (already existing) middle class (working middle class)
40
the French middle class
Bourgeoisie
41
the English middle class
Burgesses
42
the German middle class
Burghers
43
How did the middle class gain power
through their economic status
44
guilds
associations of merchants that governed the towns
45
What did the Merchant guild do?
they set prices(determined the value of a product) and maintained quality standards
46
What did the craft guilds consist of?
Skilled craftsmen were members. They set the rules for their trade. Members trained younger craftsmen.
47
just price
the cost of materials plus a reasonable profit
48
Facts about the apprentice
started usually around seven or eight years old; the apprentice learned the craft and earned no wages; usually lasted for about a five to ten year period
49
journeyman
a skilled worker that now received wages; next step up from apprentice
50
masterpiece
a work that would be judged by a master craftsman
51
What happened in your masterpiece was approved?
you became a guild member
52
three appeals of the town
better opportunities provided protection provided social interaction
53
three dangers of towns
fire thieves, pickpockets, robbers no sanitation diseases/epidemics ran rampant
54
Black Death was also know as
the bubonic plague
55
Some symptoms of the Black Death
fever | open sores on skin that eventually turned black
56
How did the Black Death get to Europe
caravans from Asia brought rats that brought fleas and fleas were the carriers of the disease
57
What was the impact of the plague?
about 20 million people in Europe died | priests could not deliver last rites to all of the dying
58
Hundred Years' War was for control of the
French throne
59
Edward III
English monarch who claims French throne
60
what did Edward do in 1337
invade France
61
Joan of Arc
was a young peasant girl who claimed that God had spoken to her (and chosen her to lead the French against the English)
62
Wars of the Roses was for control of the
English throne
63
the Wars of the Roses was fought between
two royal families
64
Who were the fighting families and what were their family symbols
Lancasters-red rose | Yorks-white rose
65
Henry Tudor
(is a Lancaster and on the winning side) becomes Henry VII and establishes the Tudor dynasty
66
Ferdinand and Isabella were what type of monarchs
duel monarchs
67
inquisition
court that tried on the crime of heresy
68
Reconquista
the Spaniards try to drive the Muslims out of Spain
69
during Pope Innocent III rule the medieval papacy
reached the height of its power
70
Church was questioned on _____, ______, and _______.
land holdings raising money rich clergy
71
What did Pope Clement do in 1309
He moved the headquarters of the church to France
72
New headquarters: | Old headquarters:
Avignon, France | Rome, Italy
73
What began the Great Schism
Roman cardinals elect an Italian pope to please local mobs. Later, cardinals elect a French pope who resided in Avignon
74
What did the Council of Constance in 1417 do
it eliminates both popes and elects a new (Italian) pope
75
John Wycliffe
a priest and teacher at Oxford
76
John Wycliffe didn't believe in
the absolute power of the church
77
John Wycliffe believed what about the Bible
he believed it was the only thing needed for salvation
78
John Huss did what
criticized abuses in the church
79
What was John Huss's punishment
was excommunicated and then later burned at the stake

10th World History (79 decks)

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