Section 3 Flashcards
Which heart chamber receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs?
Right ventricle
Ergogenic aids are typically consumed for what purpose?
To improve athletic performance and/or body composition
The pancreas secretes which of the following hormones?
Insulin
What does the electron transport chain (ETC) do?
The ETC uses a hydrogen gradient to create ATP.
Overactive hip flexors may lead to which of the following postural compensations?
Anterior tilting of the pelvis and an increased low-back arch
What types of foods contain carbohydrates?
Plant foods and dairy
Which of the following nutrition professionals is nationally recognized by the Commission on Dietetic Registration to provide clinical, community, food service, and nutrition education?
Registered dietitian nutritionist
Which of the following muscles are responsible for normal resting state (quiet) breathing?
Diaphragm
What is a kilocalorie (kcal)?
The amount of energy needed to raise 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. It is also the same thing as 1 food calorie.
At what age is total peak bone mass reached?
30
The process of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in and out of the bloodstream occurs in what structure or structures?
Alveolar sacs
Which of the following would occur during intermittent exercise?
All three energy systems would be used at some point during the activity.
The difference between the end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes is referred to as what?
Stroke volume
What is a key mechanism involved in internal feedback?
Proprioception
Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?
Left ventricle
Which term describes the movement of bones, such as flexion and extension?
Osteokinematics
What is the scientific term that describes the nervous system’s role in the contract/relax relationship between agonists and antagonists?
Reciprocal inhibition
What is the process called that prepares fatty acid substrates to enter the citric acid cycle?
Beta-oxidation
Which heart chamber gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava veins?
Right atrium
What training tip would enhance the benefits of resistance training by helping increase growth hormone, testosterone, and epinephrine?
Slowing down the speed of contractions during the eccentric and concentric phases
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
Absorption of food and passage of waste into the rectum
The posterior oblique system includes which of the following muscle groups?
Thoracolumbar fascia and contralateral gluteus maximus
What term is used to describe the premise that increased ventricular filling improves contractile force of the heart as a result of greater stretch of cardiac fibers?
Frank Starling Law of the Heart
What is the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2)?
The point at which the body shifts almost entirely to using carbohydrates for fuel
Before amino acids can be used to make ATP, what process do they have to go through?
Gluconeogenesis
What is end-systolic volume?
The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle after contraction
Current sports nutrition guidelines from the International Society of Sports Nutrition recommend what range of protein for most exercising individuals?
1.4 to 2.0 g/kg of body weight
What are nonessential amino acids?
Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body if overall nutrition intake is adequate
Which of the following is magnesium classified as?
Macromineral
What advice would enable a client to breathe properly?
Sit upright and slowly breathe in through your nose while allowing your stomach to expand.
Performing a biceps curl with a dumbbell in the hand is an example of which type of lever?
Third class
What is the primary purpose of the peripheral nervous system?
To connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions?
Pyruvate
Which subsystem is responsible for providing both frontal plane mobility and stabilization of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex?
Lateral subsystem
Pronation of the foot describes what multiplanar movements?
Eversion, dorsiflexion, and ankle abduction
Which of the following is a ketone body?
Acetoacetic acid
Which of the following blood pressure values would be classified as normal according to the American Heart Association?
Systolic <120 and diastolic <80
What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?
What type of muscle action would expend the highest amount of energy at a fixed resistance level over a comparable duration?
Which of the following effects may be experienced with overtraining?
High levels of cortisol, which lead to a catabolic environment
Catecholamines are responsible for which of the following actions?
Increased lipolysis
Which of the following is a limiting factor for how long anaerobic glycolysis can proceed?
Free hydrogen ions
When glucose is broken down via glycolysis, what molecule is created that could also be oxidized under aerobic conditions?
Pyruvate
Which of the following statements would be accurate with regard to muscle force and velocity during an eccentric muscle action?
As the contraction velocity increases the ability to develop force also increases.
What is end-diastolic volume?
The amount of blood in the ventricle before contraction
f someone were performing repeated sprints with each sprint lasting between 30 and 90 seconds, which energy system would be contributing the most to ATP production during this activity?
Glycolysis
Which nutrient has the highest thermic effect?
Protein
The B vitamins have a primary role in what?
Macronutrient metabolism
Calcium is often associated with bone health, but why is it also important for muscular function?
It stimulates actin and myosin activity.
During normal walking, the pelvis rotates in what plane to facilitate the necessary momentum for the swing phase?
Transverse
If pyruvate is being created via glycolysis faster than oxygen can be delivered to the muscle, what will happen to the pyruvate?
The pyruvate will be converted to lactate.
During a squat, which muscle group isometrically contracts to prevent unnecessary thigh movement in the frontal plane?
Hip abductors
