5 - The Nervous, Muscular, and Skeletal Systems Flashcards
Humans can learn new things at any stage of life, due to which process that causes the brain to reform neural pathways?
Neuroplasticity
What is the process by which bone is constantly renewed?
Remodeling
One of the two interdependent divisions of the nervous system is the central nervous system. What is the second division?
Peripheral nervous system
Which of the following protein structures is important for muscular contractions by providing a binding site?
Troponin
What are the two components of the central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord
Tiny cellular structures that perform specific functions within a cell. Examples include nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum.
organelles
Sensory pathway that relays information to the central nervous system.
afferent pathway
A motor pathway that relays information from the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
efferent pathway
Neurons located within the spinal cord and brain that transmit impulses between afferent and efferent neurons.
Interneurons
Nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle and are largely responsible for the voluntary control of movement.
somatic nervous system
A division of the peripheral nervous system that supplies neural input to organs that run the involuntary processes of the body (e.g., circulating blood, digesting food, producing hormones).
autonomic nervous system
the end of long bones that contains red marrow that produces red blood cells and is also one of the primary sites for bone growth
Epiphysis (epiphyses)
the region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis
Epiphyseal plate
Inner layer of fascia that directly surrounds an entire muscle, commonly referred to as the “deep fascia.”
epimysium
Largest bundles of fibers within a muscle. Fascicles are surrounded by perimysium.
fascicles
