6 - The Cardiorespiratory, Digestive, and Endocrine Systems

Question 1

Superior chamber(s) of the heart that gathers blood returning to the heart.

Answer 1

atrium

Question 2

Inferior chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the lungs and body.

Answer 2

ventricle

Question 3

When the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute.

Answer 3

bradycardia

Question 4

Respiratory rate that is too fast; greater than 24 breaths per minute.

Answer 4

tachypnea

Question 5

The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.

Answer 5

lipolysis

Question 6

A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.

Answer 6

enzyme

Question 7

Cells that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.

Answer 7

glands

Question 8

Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.

Answer 8

(hormone

Question 9

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 9

catecholamines—epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine

Question 10

Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy.

Answer 10

catabolic

Question 11

Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.

Answer 11

anabolic

Question 12

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.

Answer 12

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Question 13

In the digestive system, refers to movements of the anatomical structures that allow contents to pass through.

Answer 13

motility

Question 14

The muscle action of the gastrointestinal system that pushes food through the body during digestion.

Answer 14

peristalsis

Question 15

A semifluid mass of digested food that is passed from the stomach to the small intestine.

Answer 15

chyme

Question 16

Which of the following exercises would be most likely to contribute to an acute increase in testosterone levels?

Answer 16

Back squat

Question 17

What advice would enable a client to breathe properly?

Answer 17

Sit upright and slowly breathe in through your nose while allowing your stomach to expand.

Question 18

How can basal metabolic rate (BMR) best be defined?

Answer 18

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest

Question 19

Abnormal breathing may be associated with which of the following effects?

Answer 19

Shallow rapid breaths with use of the sternocleidomastoid

Question 20

The process of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in and out of the bloodstream occurs in what structure or structures?

Answer 20

Alveolar sacs

Question 21

Catecholamines are responsible for which of the following actions?

Answer 21

Increased lipolysis

Question 22

What term is used to describe the premise that increased ventricular filling improves contractile force of the heart as a result of greater stretch of cardiac fibers?

Answer 22

Frank Starling Law of the Heart

Question 23

Which of the following effects of the cardiovascular system occurs during exercise?

Answer 23

Increased ventricular filling

Question 24

Which heart chamber receives oxygenated blood and pumps it to the body?

Answer 24

Left ventricle

Question 25

Which of the following hormones have an anabolic function and have been shown to increase up to 48 hours following resistance training?

Answer 25

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

Question 26

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygenated blood throughout the body?

Answer 26

Red blood cells

Question 27

Which heart chamber gathers deoxygenated blood returning to the heart from the superior and inferior vena cava veins?

Answer 27

Right atrium

Question 28

Which of the following effects may be experienced with overtraining?

Answer 28

High levels of cortisol, which lead to a catabolic environment