Section 29.2 (Exam 2)

Question 1

Embryonic development + All stages of life = ?

Answer 1

The Life Cycle

Question 2

What is direct development?

Answer 2

The newborns look similar to the adults.

Question 3

In most animals, newborns appear _______________ adults. One example of this is a caterpillar turning into a butterfly.

Answer 3

different from

Question 4

Many insects undergo metamorphosis. What is metamorphosis?

Answer 4

Radical changes between larva and adult changes.

Question 5

Larva and adults may feed on ________________.

Answer 5

different foods

Question 6

The insect larva may be specialized for __________, while the adult is specialized for ____________.

Answer 6

feeding; reproduction

Question 7

How many dispersal stages do most animals have?

Answer 7

one

Question 8

What is dispersal when referring to an animal’s dispersal stage?

Answer 8

The movement of organisms away from a parent or existing population

Question 9

When do most motile animals disperse?

Answer 9

When they are adults (butterflies fly to new places to lay eggs)

Question 10

How do sessile animals disperse?

Answer 10

Sessile marine animals are able to discharge their eggs and sperm into the water, where they fertilize and travel on water currents.

Question 11

What are two sessile marine larvae?

Answer 11

Trochophore and Nauplius larvae

Question 12

What are some characteristics of trochophore larvae? What are some examples of them?

Answer 12

Radially symmetric

Bands of cilia for filter feeding

Annelids and mollusks

Question 13

What is a characteristic of nauplius larvae?

Answer 13

bilateral symmetry

Question 14

What do trochophore larvae and nauplius larvae have in common?

Answer 14

Both types feed on the plankton and can travel long distances before settling and becoming adults.

Question 15

In the parasite life cycle, what are two purposes for which parasites must expend energy?

Answer 15

Overcoming the hosts defenses and dispersing to new hosts.

Question 16

Parasite eggs could be dispersed in two ways. What are they?

Answer 16

Eggs could be dispersed through a host’s feces and be ingested by a new host.

Question 17

How many hosts do most parasites have?

Answer 17

More than one

Question 18

Bryozoans and corals are examples of _________ animals.

Answer 18

colonial

Question 19

What is fission?

Answer 19

The dividing of something into two or more parts

Question 20

If asexual reproduction occurs without fission, what can it lead to?

Answer 20

Colonies of physiologically integrated, genetically identical individuals.

Question 21

In some species, these individuals can become _____________. One example of this is the Portuguese man-of-war.

Answer 21

specialized

Question 22

Explain why every life cycle has trade-offs. Provide examples.

Answer 22

If energy is devoted towards characteristics that can improve performance in one category, it will reduce performance in some other. For example, the shell of an animal is helpful for protection, but it also takes away energy that could be used for the animal to grow.

Question 23

How are trade-offs present in reproduction?

Answer 23

Large number of small eggs or small number of large eggs.

Question 24

If more energy and time is spent towards an egg, what will the resulting offspring be?

Answer 24

It will have developed more and be more independent.

Question 25

What does it mean if an animal is altricial?

Answer 25

Young are helpless when hatched and must be cared for by parents.

Question 26

What does it mean if an animal is precocial?

Answer 26

Eggs are incubated longer, and hatchlings can forage right away.