Section 43.1.1 (Exam 4) Neurons Flashcards
Neurons and Glia Are Unique Cells of Nervous Systems
What are the two types of cells within the nervous system?
Neurons (nerve cells) and glia
Describe the function of nerve cells.
generate and conduct electric signals
What are the two types of glia?
Macroglia and microglia
What is the function of macroglia?
Support and modulate neuronal function
Describe microglia.
Small phagocytic cells, motile; major immune defense mechanism in the nervous system
What are the two parts that the vertebrate nervous system is divided into?
Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Describe the CNS.
Brain + spinal cord
Sites of information processing and storage
Describe the PNS.
Provides communication between the CNS and rest of the body
What are the 4 main parts of a neuron?
Cell body or soma
Dendrites
Axon
Axon terminals
Describe the cell body or soma of a neuron.
contains nucleus and organelles
Describe the dendrites of a neuron.
Bring information to the cell body or soma
Describe the axon of a neuron.
Carry information away from the cell body or soma
Describe the axon terminals of a neuron.
At the tip of the axon
Which two aspects of the neuron form reflect its function?
Number of dendrites: collecting information
Length of neuron: communication over long distances
How do neurons process and communicate information?
changes in electric potential across their membranes
