Section 26.1 (Exam 2)

Question 1

Primary endosymbiosis is a shared derived trait (synapomorphy) of the _____________.

Answer 1

Plantae

Question 2

Plants often refers only to land plants, but many clades are ____________.

Answer 2

aquatic

Question 3

Algae refers to ___________________________, but these groups are not all closely related.

Answer 3

aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotes

Question 4

Ancestor of all plantae may have been similar to ________________, the sister group of all other plantae.

Answer 4

glaucophytes

Question 5

Most of __________ are multicellular, marine, and grow attached to a substrate by a holdfast.

Answer 5

red algae

Question 6

The red color of red algae comes from the accessory photosynthetic pigment called ________________.

Answer 6

phycoerythin

Question 7

Even though red algae have phycoerythrin as a photosynthetic pigment they still have _______________ in their chloroplasts.

Answer 7

chlorophyll a

Question 8

Red algae don’t always look ___.

Answer 8

red

Question 9

Color of red algae depends on the light intensity. Dimmer light in deep water makes the red algae have a more __________ color.

Answer 9

red

Question 10

All the other algae groups except for glaucophytes and red algae have chlorophyll which allows them to store photosynthetic products as ________ in chloroplasts.

Answer 10

starch

Question 11

All groups that share having chlorophyll b and storing photosynthetic products as starch are called _________________.

Answer 11

green plants

Question 12

___________ are the largest group of green algae, and mostly aquatic.

Answer 12

Chlorophytes

Question 13

____________ have unicellular and multicellular species, and a great diversity of shapes and body forms. Two examples of this are Volvox and Ulva.

Answer 13

Chlorophytes

Question 14

What are two types of chlorophytes?

Answer 14

Volvox and Ulva

Question 15

What is volvox?

Answer 15

a freshwater unicellular alga, forms large colonies with some cells specialized for reproduction

Question 16

Ulva is a true ______________ organism.

Answer 16

multicellular

Question 17

______________ are all green algae except for chlorophytes, including land plants.

Answer 17

Streptophytes

Question 18

What are the two closest relatives of land plants?

Answer 18

Coleochaetophytes and stoneworts

Question 19

What is a common genus of stonewort?

Answer 19

Chara

Question 20

Coleochaetophytes and stoneworts being the closest relatives of land plants has been confirmed by _______________, and they both have ___________________________.

Answer 20

DNA sequencing; eggs in the parental organism

Question 21

_______________ are the sister group of land plants.

Answer 21

Stoneworts

Question 22

Stoneworts have a _____________________ growth form, as in most land plants.

Answer 22

branching and apical

Question 23

A synapomorphy of land plants is an embryo protected by tissues of a parent plant, organisms with this synapomorphy are called ________________.

Answer 23

embryophytes

Question 24

There are ____ major clades of land plants.

Answer 24

ten

Question 25

Seven of the ten clades of land plants are __________. The remaining three are ____________.

Answer 25

vascular; non-vascular

Question 26

Vascular plants are also called ____________ due to the presence of fluid-conducting cells that they have called __________.

Answer 26

Tracheophytes; tracheids

Question 27

What are the three clades of non-vascular land plants that lack tracheids?

Answer 27

Liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.