Section 1.2 (Exam 1)

Question 1

Who was Gregor Mendel?

Answer 1

Father of Genetics, showed that inherited traits exist in discrete units that were later called genes

Question 2

Who was Charles Darwin?

Answer 2

Father of Evolution, compiled factual evidence for evolution, proposed that all organisms are descended from a common ancestor.

Question 3

Segments of DNA that encode information to build proteins

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

long sequences of nucleotides in a double helix formation

Answer 4

DNA

Question 5

A sugar molecule attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. The bases used in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).

Answer 5

A nucleotide

Question 6

Change in the nucleotide sequence

Answer 6

Mutation

Question 7

Mutations are usually harmful, but sometimes lead to _____________________.

Answer 7

new adaptations

Question 8

change in genetic makeup of populations over time

Answer 8

Evolution

Question 9

Natural selection is?

Answer 9

The fittest to the environment will survive, accounts for much of evolution according to Darwin

Question 10

What is artificial selection?

Answer 10

Selective breeding to obtain desired traits

Question 11

What are adaptations?

Answer 11

Structural, physiological, or behavioral traits that enhance an organism’s chances of survival and reproduction

Question 12

Populations can become isolated and evolve differences what could happen?

Answer 12

They could eventually be considered different species.

Question 13

A scientific name consists of which two classifications

Answer 13

genus and species

Question 14

A group of species that share a common ancestor

Answer 14

Genus

Question 15

group of organisms that can successfully reproduce

Answer 15

Species

Question 16

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 16

illustrates the evolutionary histories of different groups

Question 17

How are phylogenetic trees built?

Answer 17

By analyzing and quantifying similarities and differences among species, including genome sequences

Question 18

Splits in branches of a phylogenetic tree

Answer 18

nodes

Question 19

What is at the root of the phylogenetic tree?

Answer 19

Common ancestor

Question 20

What do the positions of nodes represent on the timeline below a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 20

corresponding speciation events

Question 21

How did Bacteria and Archaea form Eukarya?

Answer 21

An archaea ate a bacteria, and instead of digesting it, it utilized the energy it produced. This type of relationship is called endosymbiosis.

Question 22

What is endosymbiosis?

Answer 22

A symbiotic relationship where one organism lives inside the other