Section 25.1 (Exam 1)

Question 1

What are eukaryotes that are neither plants, animals, nor fungi called?

Answer 1

protists

Question 2

Protists are a monophyletic group. True or False?

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Eukaryotes are a specialized group of archaea that acquired a ________.

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

Mitochondria and chloroplasts were derived from ______________ lineages.

Answer 4

bacterial

Question 5

Events that occurred during the origin of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 5

Origin of a flexible cell surface
Increased complexity of the cytoskeleton
Origin of a nuclear envelope
Appearance of digestive vacuoles
Acquisition of mitochondria and chloroplasts by endosymbiosis

Question 6

What was a direct result of the prokaryotic cell wall being lost?

Answer 6

Flexible cell surface, cells could grow larger, and an internal membrane system that increased surface area could be developed.

Question 7

Why could eukaryotic cells grow bigger than prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Their flexible membrane allowed for cells to grow larger without compromising their surface area.

Question 8

What was able to develop from a flexible cell surface?

Answer 8

Endocytosis (including phagocytosis) and exocytosis.

Question 9

List the characteristics of eukaryotic cytoskeletons that were an improvement from prokaryotic cytoskeletons.

Answer 9

Provided cell support.
Allowed changes in shape.
Move materials around the cell.
Distribute daughter chromosomes.
Allowed flagella to develop.

Question 10

What did the nuclear envelope develop from and how?

Answer 10

The infolding of the plasma membrane may have led to the development of the nucleus.

Question 11

First function of mitochondria may have been to ______________________.

Answer 11

detoxify O2 by reducing it to water.