Section 27.1 (Exam 2)

Question 1

What are the 3 innovations of gymnosperms and angiosperms that allowed plants to colonize drier habitats and spread across earth?

Answer 1

Woody stems, pollen grains, and seeds

Question 2

Woody stems appeared in ____________________, seedless vascular plants which are now extinct.

Answer 2

progymnosperms

Question 3

What is the benefit of pollen grains?

Answer 3

Transfer of sperm no longer requires water

Question 4

What is the function of seeds?

Answer 4

Protect the embryo until conditions are ideal for germination

Question 5

The first seed plants were _______________, which are now extinct.

Answer 5

woody seed ferns

Question 6

Living seed plants fall into which two groups?

Answer 6

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

Question 7

Gametophyte generations in seeded plants are ____________ dependent on the sporophyte and highly ___________.

Answer 7

nutritionally; reduced

Question 8

Seed plants are ________________ because they contain both megaspores and microspores.

Answer 8

heterosporous

Question 9

Microspores divide mitotically to produce ________________.

Answer 9

pollen grain

Question 10

Pollen grain walls contain ________________, the most resistant biological compound known; prevents dehydration and chemical damage.

Answer 10

sporopollenin

Question 11

Megaspores of seeded plants are not shed, they remain within the ________________.

Answer 11

megasporangia

Question 12

One haploid megaspore develops into the female gametophyte by ____________.

Answer 12

mitosis

Question 13

The megasporangium and its protective integument form the _______, which develops into the seed after fertilization.

Answer 13

ovule

Question 14

______________ is when a pollen grain lands near a female gametophyte.

Answer 14

Pollination

Question 15

A ____________ elongates and digests its way through the sporophyte tissue to the megagametophyte.

Answer 15

pollen tube

Question 16

__________ are released from the pollen tube and fertilization results in a ________________.

Answer 16

Sperm; diploid zygote

Question 17

The diploid zygote divides mitotically to become an _____________________.

Answer 17

embryonic sporophyte.

Question 18

The embryo enters a dormant stage and the result is a multicellular ____.

Answer 18

seed

Question 19

Seed tissues contain _________ generations.

Answer 19

three

Question 20

The seed coat develops from the ____________, the diploid sporophyte parent.

Answer 20

integument

Question 21

The haploid female gametophytic tissue provides ___________ for the developing embryo.

Answer 21

nutrients

Question 22

The embryo is the new ______________________ generation.

Answer 22

diploid sporophyte

Question 23

The earliest seed plants had thickened woody stems, produced by _________________.

Answer 23

secondary growth

Question 24

Wood, or secondary _______, gives support and allows plants to grow above their competitors.

Answer 24

xylem

Question 25

Many seed plants have lost the _____________ habit, but have other adaptations.

Answer 25

woody growth