Section 19.6 (Exam 3)

Question 1

What are 4 ways that evolution is constrained?

Answer 1

Lack of genetic variation

Cell size

Protein folding

Laws of thermodynamics

Question 2

All evolutionary innovations are ___________________________________.

Answer 2

modifications of existing structures

Question 3

What do adaptations impose?

Answer 3

costs and benefits

Question 4

What must be the case for a trade-off to be made?

Answer 4

the benefits must outweigh the costs

Question 5

Conspicuous features used by some males to compete with other males are a trade-off with ________________________.

Answer 5

reproductive success

Question 6

What kinds of traits can trade-offs result in?

Answer 6

Adaptive traits

Question 7

Rough-skinned newts make the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (T T X), which paralyzes nerves and muscles by blocking sodium channels. How did snakes respond to this? What was the trade-off of their response?

Answer 7

Developed resistance to the toxin – came with a trade-off: they moved slower, and were more vulnerable to predators