Science Quiz 4.1-4.2

Question 1

matter that has no definite shape and can flow; liquid or gas

Answer 1

fluid

Question 2

the study of motions and forces in fluids

Answer 2

fluid mechanics

Question 3

a theory stating that all molecules of a substance are in constant motion and move more rapidly as the object is heated

Answer 3

kinetic theory of matter

Question 4

two truths about the kinetic theory

Answer 4

All molecules of matter are in constant motion and the warmer an object is, the faster its molecules move

Question 5

the state of matter that has constant volume but can flow and change its shape

Answer 5

liquid

Question 6

the state of matter where molecules move around so quickly that they are practically unaffected by cohesion and that can vary its volume by contracting and expanding

Answer 6

gas

Question 7

the attraction between atoms or molecules of the same substance

Answer 7

cohesion

Question 8

________ keeps the molecules of a solid vibrating in fixed positions, causing solids to have both a definite shape and a definite volume

Answer 8

cohesion

Question 9

attraction between molecules of different substances

Answer 9

adhesion

Question 10

the tendency of a liquid to pull atoms or molecules near the surface back into the liquid, forming a “skin” or film on the surface

Answer 10

surface tension

Question 11

a curved surface of a liquid formed because of a difference in strength between the cohesion of the fluid molecules and the glass molecules

Answer 11

meniscus

Question 12

is adhesion or cohesion stronger?

Answer 12

adhesion

Question 13

the phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall beneath their own levels because of adhesion and cohesion

Answer 13

capillarity (capillary action)

Question 14

force exerted per unit of area

Answer 14

pressure

Question 15

the SI unit of pressure

Answer 15

Pascal (Pa)

Question 16

pressure caused by gravity pulling on a substance

Answer 16

gravitational pressure

Question 17

The factors that affect gravitational pressure are _______

Answer 17

the depth and density of the object

Question 18

the principle stating that a pressure increase applied to a fluid inside a closed container will be distributed equally throughout the container

Answer 18

Pascal’s principle

Question 19

distinguished himself as a Christian, mathematician, physicist, and inventor

Answer 19

Blaise Pascal

Question 20

a device that uses Pascal’s principle to multiply a force by using a small-diameter input piston and a large-diameter output piston connected by a liquid-filled reservoir

Answer 20

hydraulic press

Question 21

Work output can never be _______ than the work input

Answer 21

greater

Question 22

the ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into a smaller container

Answer 22

compressibility

Question 23

the law stating that a gas’s volume and pressure are inversely proportional when the temperature is held constant

Answer 23

Boyle’s law

Question 24

the law stating that the volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional when a pressure is held constant

Answer 24

Charles’s law

Question 25

states that gas temperature and pressure are directly related when volume is held constant

Answer 25

Amonton’s law