Science Quiz 4.1-4.2 Flashcards
matter that has no definite shape and can flow; liquid or gas
fluid
the study of motions and forces in fluids
fluid mechanics
a theory stating that all molecules of a substance are in constant motion and move more rapidly as the object is heated
kinetic theory of matter
two truths about the kinetic theory
All molecules of matter are in constant motion and the warmer an object is, the faster its molecules move
the state of matter that has constant volume but can flow and change its shape
liquid
the state of matter where molecules move around so quickly that they are practically unaffected by cohesion and that can vary its volume by contracting and expanding
gas
the attraction between atoms or molecules of the same substance
cohesion
________ keeps the molecules of a solid vibrating in fixed positions, causing solids to have both a definite shape and a definite volume
cohesion
attraction between molecules of different substances
adhesion
the tendency of a liquid to pull atoms or molecules near the surface back into the liquid, forming a “skin” or film on the surface
surface tension
a curved surface of a liquid formed because of a difference in strength between the cohesion of the fluid molecules and the glass molecules
meniscus
is adhesion or cohesion stronger?
adhesion
the phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall beneath their own levels because of adhesion and cohesion
capillarity (capillary action)
force exerted per unit of area
pressure
the SI unit of pressure
Pascal (Pa)
pressure caused by gravity pulling on a substance
gravitational pressure
The factors that affect gravitational pressure are _______
the depth and density of the object
the principle stating that a pressure increase applied to a fluid inside a closed container will be distributed equally throughout the container
Pascal’s principle
distinguished himself as a Christian, mathematician, physicist, and inventor
Blaise Pascal
a device that uses Pascal’s principle to multiply a force by using a small-diameter input piston and a large-diameter output piston connected by a liquid-filled reservoir
hydraulic press
Work output can never be _______ than the work input
greater
the ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into a smaller container
compressibility
the law stating that a gas’s volume and pressure are inversely proportional when the temperature is held constant
Boyle’s law
the law stating that the volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional when a pressure is held constant
Charles’s law
states that gas temperature and pressure are directly related when volume is held constant
Amonton’s law
