Science end of 4-5 Flashcards
Greek mathematician that discovered fluids exert a buoyant force upon objects within them
Archimedes
an upward force exerted by a fluid on a solid object placed in the fluid
buoyancy
the principle stating that the buoyant force experienced by an object is exactly equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
Archimedes principle
vessel designed to operate below the surface of the water, but can also float on the surface
submarine
object is completely submerged in a fluid but not sinking
neutral buoyancy
vessel limited to how high it can go because it is filled with gas
blimp
resistance of any object moving through a fluid
drag
science of shaping objects to allow the smooth flow of fluids around them and reduce drag
streamlining
a force on an object that is generated by relative motion between the object and a fluid and is perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow
lift
structure designed to produce lift as it moves relative to a fluid
foil
ability to do work and change matter
energy
SI unit of work and energy
Joule
energy of motion
kinetic energy
energy associated with the position of an object and the forces acting upon it
potential energy
energy from motions or forces that affect a whole object
mechanical energy
law stating that energy can neither be created or destroyed, only transferred
law of conservation of energy
discovered mass and energy can be considered two different ways of measuring the same physical property
Albert Einstein
the principle stating that mass and energy can be considered two different ways of measuring the same physical property
mass-energy equivalence
the law stating that the sum of mass and energy is constant
law of conservation of mass and energy
the energy of an entire object moving; simplest form of kinetic energy that is part of an object’s mechanical energy
whole-body kinetic energy
simplest form of motion
translational motion
whole-body kinetic energy caused by translational motion
translational kinetic energy
energy that the object possesses due to the random motion of its molecules
thermal energy
energy caused by a disturbance moving through a substance
wave energy
natural forces that cause potential energy
fundamental forces
attractive force between all material objects
gravitational force
model that represents the direction and strength of a body’s gravity at every point in space
gravitational field
the potential energy that an object gains from the work used to move it against a gravitational field
gravitational potential energy
a force that affects certain subatomic particles
weak nuclear force
second-strongest fundamental force, which affects only objects with an electric charge
electromagnetic force
affects only objects with an electric charge
electromagnetic force
electromagnetic potential energy that a stationary charged object has from the work needed to move it through another stationary object’s electric field
electric potential energy
electromagnetic potential energy that a stationary object has from the work needed to move it through another stationary object’s magnetic field
magnetic potential energy
energy resulting from the chemical combination of atoms into molecules
chemical energy
potential energy caused by the restorative elastic forces when an object is deformed
elastic potential energy
contributes to an object’s mechanical energy
elastic potential energy
the strongest fundamental force, which acts only within atomic nuclei and combines subatomic particles together to form the nucleus of an atom
strong nuclear force
potential energy caused by the strong nuclear force
nuclear potential energy
