Science 13.1-13.2

Question 1

the organized study of the composition and interactions of matter

Answer 1

chemistry

Question 2

the foundation for the understanding of matter

Answer 2

atomic theory of matter

Question 3

discovered the atomic theory of matter

Answer 3

Dalton

Question 4

tiny particles that compose all matter

Answer 4

atoms

Question 5

a substance composed of a single type of atom

Answer 5

element

Question 6

a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements bonded together

Answer 6

compound

Question 7

a substance that is composed of several pure substances that are physically mixed but not chemically united

Answer 7

mixture

Question 8

a unique abbreviation given to each element

Answer 8

chemical symbol

Question 9

any of the smaller particles of matter of which atoms are composed

Answer 9

subatomic particles

Question 10

the dense central core of an atom made of protons and neutrons

Answer 10

nucleus

Question 11

subatomic particle that carries a positive electrical charge and determines the identity of an atom

Answer 11

proton

Question 12

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Answer 12

atomic number

Question 13

subatomic particle that is electrically neutral with no electrical charge

Answer 13

neutron

Question 14

any of a group of atoms that are the same element but have different numbers of neutrons

Answer 14

isotopes

Question 15

any of the small particles that compose protons and neutrons

Answer 15

quarks

Question 16

______ quarks are necessary to make a proton or a neutron (number of quarks)

Answer 16

three

Question 17

subatomic particle that is found outside the nucleus and carries a negative electrical charge equal in strength to a proton’s positive charge

Answer 17

electron

Question 18

any of the concentric layers surrounding the nucleus in which electrons can be found

Answer 18

electron shell

Question 19

an atom that has an electric charge because of losing or gaining electrons

Answer 19

ion

Question 20

positive ion

Answer 20

cation

Question 21

negative ion

Answer 21

anion

Question 22

the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom or isotope

Answer 22

mass number

Question 23

a unit used to measure the masses of atoms

Answer 23

atomic mass unit

Question 24

the average mass of all the natural isotopes of an element, calculated according to the isotopes’ relative abundances

Answer 24

average atomic mass

Question 25

the theory stating that tiny particles like electrons do not absorb or release energy in a smooth flow

Answer 25

quantum theory

Question 26

discovered the quantum theory

Answer 26

Planck

Question 27

occurs when an electron changes energy levels

Answer 27

quantum jump

Question 28

the most familiar model of the atom, which pictures the nucleus surrounded by electrons that move in circular orbits at specific energy levels

Answer 28

Bohr model

Question 29

an atomic model that describes electrons as waves around the nucleus

Answer 29

wave-mechanical model

Question 30

discovered the wave-mechanical model

Answer 30

Shrodinger

Question 31

the principle stating that it is impossible to measure both the position and velocity of an electron with certainty

Answer 31

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Question 32

a model of the atom that interprets the mathematical equations of the wave-mechanical model representing the probability of finding an electron at a given point

Answer 32

electron-cloud model

Question 33

discovered the electron-cloud model

Answer 33

Born

Question 34

the region within an atom in which electrons move

Answer 34

orbital

Question 35

a set of numbers that mathematically represent the overall motion of an electron

Answer 35

quantum numbers

Question 36

the principle stating that no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers

Answer 36

Pauli exclusion principle