Science Chapter 8 Flashcards
the book published by Isaac Newton that laid the foundation for the modern scientific study of light
Opticks
the idea that light is a stream of tiny particles emitted by a light source
particle theory of light
the idea that developed that says that light consists of of waves, not particles
wave theory of light
developed the particle theory of light
Isaac Newton
developed the wave theory of light
Christiaan Huygens
developed the idea that light consists of two transverse waves oscillating at right angles to each other
James Clerk Maxwell
a wave consisting of two transverse waves, one electric and one magnetic, oscillating at right angles to each other
electromagnetic wave
developed the idea of the existence of invisible electromagnetic waves
Heinrich Hertz
speed of light
3.00 x 10 to the 8th m / s
a phenomenon that occurs when light above a certain frequency knocks electrons loose from atoms of certain metals
photoelectric effect
developed the idea of the wave-particle duality of light
Max Planck and Albert Einstein
the theory stating that light has both a wave nature and a particle nature
quantum theory of light
a tiny bundle or packet of energy
photon
electromagnetic waves traveling as photons
light
the electromagnetic waves that the human eye can perceive
visible light
the range of electromagnetic waves that the human eye can perceive as having color
visible spectrum
a mixture of all the colors of light
white
less-intense white light
gray
the absence of color
black
separates white light into its component colors by refracting (bending) the light that passes through it
prism
red, green, and blue; the three colors of light that can be mixed to create the illusion of almost any color
additive primary colors
cells that only detect light and dark
rod cells
cells that detect color
cone cells
cyan, magenta, and yellow; three colors of pigment that can be mixed to produce the illusion of almost any color
subtractive primary colors
__________ always refer to mixing light, and __________ always refer to mixing pigments
additive primary colors and subtractive primary colors
the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
law of reflection
appears to be behind the mirror; no light actually passes through the image location
virtual image
image which forms in front of the mirror
real image
a mirror in which the reflecting side is on the inside of the spherical surface of a mirror
concave mirror
a mirror in which the reflecting side is on the outside of the spherical surface
convex mirror
the bending of the path of a wave as a result of a change in wave speed, usually caused by crossing the boundary between two media
refraction
a piece of glass or other substance specifically designed to refract light
lens
a lens that curves outwards and causes rays of light passing through it to bend inward and converge on a point
convex lens
a lens that curves inwards, like the opening of a cave, and causes rays of light passing through it to bend outward
concave lens
one of the best-known devices that uses lenses
camera
an illusion that occurs when the light rays from a distant object are refracted by heated air so that the object appears to be nearby
mirage
twinkling of stars caused by refraction of light
scintillation
