Health 63-70 Flashcards
The study of the nervous system—its structure, functions, disorders, and diseases
neurology
consists of the brain and spinal cord
CNS
consists of the nerves
PNS
the actual nerve cells of the body
neurons
three parts of the neuron
cell body, dendrites, axons
refers to the nervous system
neuro-
the most important and complex part of the nervous system
brain
controls bodily functions including speech, muscles, senses, and memory
brain
involved in conscious thought, memory, and interpreting sensory information
cerebrum
controls skeletal muscles during complex movements such as running and swimming
cerebellum
controls involuntary muscles and activities in your body such as breathing and heartbeat
brain stem
largest part of the brain
cerebrum
associated with personality, judgment, and self control. The rear portion (motor area) controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
frontal lobes
analyze the senses and allow you to feel sensations such as temperature, pressure, and pain and to make judgments about such things as shape and texture
parietal lobes
responsible for vision
occipital lobes
associated with the senses of hearing, taste, and smell
temporal lobes
second largest part of the brain
cerebellum
all nerve fibers connecting the (1) and (2) must pass through the (3)
- brain
- spinal cord
- brain stem
intricate network of neurons that serves as the “master switch” of the cerebrum
reticular formation
part of the brain that helps generate and regulate emotions and coordinate overall brain activity
limbic system
The means that your brain uses to communicate with the body is the ______, a thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cavity
spinal cord
In emergency situations, the spinal cord can process nerve impulses and signal your muscles to jerk the affected body part away from danger without waiting for the brain to respond, allowing you to react more quickly; this process is known as a ______
reflex
means “less than, beneath, or below”
hypo-
- nerves branching from the spinal cord are called ____
- nerves branching from the brain are called ____
- spinal nerves
- cranial nerves
living sensors in your body that provide info about the condition of the world around you or your body
sensory receptors
bare nerve ending that reacts to a particular type of strong stimulus
pain receptor
means “mechanical,” or having to do with physical forces
mechano-
means “heat”
therm- , thermo-
means “chemical”
chem- , chemo-
The sensory receptors responsible for sensations of touch and pressure
mechanoreceptors
respond to heat and cold
thermoreceptors
Nerve endings sensitive to chemicals
chemoreceptors
the white of the eye
sclera
transparent portion of the eye
cornea
colored part of the eye
iris
the opening through which light enters the eye
pupil
means “hard”
scler- , sclero-
The part of the eye that focuses the rays of light which pass through it
lens
thin layer of light sensitive nerve cells
retina
sensitive to light and dark
rod cells
sensitive to colors
cone cells
Nerve impulses from the rods and cones are sent to the occipital lobe of the brain via a large bundle of nerve fibers called the ______
optic nerve
