Physical Science Test Nine Weeks Flashcards
a partial representation of something else
model
model of a design used for testing
prototype
discovered air pressure
Torricelli
a device to measure altitude
altimeter
factor used to determine the results of an experiment
dependent variable
tentative explanation
hypothesis
limitations of science
bias, approximations, assumptions, scope of science
group in which the independent variable is absent
control group
study of matter and movement of God’s physical creation
science
fluids tend to move from areas of _______ to areas of _______
higher pressure to lower pressure
a hypothesis can be proven false if one or more of its predictions is false
falsifiable
means that a scientist will obtain consistent results if he performs the experiment many times, keeping all factors as similar as possible
repeatability
two reasons we use science
to glorify God; man’s benefit
study of reasoning
logic
a statement of fact
proposition
formula for Newton’s second law of motion
F = ma (force equals mass times acceleration)
formula for pressure
P = F / A (pressure equals force divided by area)
branch of physics developed since 1900
modern physics
a model of a design used for testing
prototype
use of science to solve practical problems
technology
occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument instead of challenging the person’s facts
ad hominem fallacy
property of matter that makes it resist changes in motion
inertia
a push or pull
force
anything that has inertia
matter
substance of the physical world
matter
the amount of space that matter takes up
volume
the amount of inertia an object has
mass
the amount of matter in an object
mass
the most important part of an equation
the equal sign
the “language of science”
math
for measured data to be meaningful, it must include ____
units
the system with meticulously defined standards
SI system
the SI unit of time
second
the SI unit of length
meter
the SI unit of mass
kilogram
the SI unit of work
Joule
the SI unit of force
Newton
the SI unit of power
watt
coldest temperature possible at which molecular vibration ceases
absolute zero
a measure with both magnitude and direction
vector (oh yeah)
the study of motion and forces
dynamics
the change in position divided by time
velocity
any change in velocity
acceleration
an acceleration opposite the direction of motion
deceleration
the book in which Newton published his findings
Principia
the third law of motion states _______
for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
acceleration due to gravity
9.81 meters per second squared
center-seeking force
centripetal force
the speed at which an object will stop speeding up
terminal velocity
matter that has no definite shape and can flow
fluid
theory stating that all molecules of a substance are in constant motion and move more rapidly as the object is heated
kinetic theory of matter
the attraction between molecules of the same substance
cohesion
the attraction between molecules of different substances
adhesion
the tendency of a liquid to pull atoms or molecules near the surface back into the liquid, forming a “skin” or film on the surface
surface tension
the phenomenon in which liquids in thin tubes rise above or fall beneath their own levels because of adhesion and cohesion
capillarity
a curved surface of a liquid formed because of a difference in strength between the cohesion of the fluid molecules and the glass molecules
meniscus
force exerted per unit of area
pressure
the SI unit of pressure
Pascal
two factors that affect gravitational pressure
density and depth
the principle stating that a pressure increase applied to a fluid inside a closed container will be distributed equally throughout the container
Pascal’s principle
a device that uses Pascal’s principle to multiply a force by using a small-diameter input piston and a large-diameter output piston connected by a liquid-filled reservoir
hydraulic press
the ability of a gas to be easily squeezed and compacted into a smaller container
compressibility
the law stating that a gas’s volume and pressure are inversely proportional when the temperature is held constant
Boyle’s law
the law stating that the volume and temperature of a gas are directly proportional when a pressure is held constant
Charles’s law
states that gas temperature and pressure are directly related when volume is held constant
Amonton’s law
the gravitational pressure within a sea of air
atmospheric pressure
an empty space with no matter
vacuum
device used to measure air pressure
barometer
momentum formula
p = mv (momentum equals mass times velocity)
work formula
W = Fd (work equals force times distance)
power formula
p = W / t (power equals work divided by time)
Charles’s law formula
V1/T1 = V2/T2
Boyle’s law formula
P1V1 = P2V2
Amonton’s law
P1/T1 = P2/T2
