Health Chapter 2 Flashcards
refers to muscles
my- , myo-
refers to cancer
carcino-
refers to a tumor
-oma
means “dark”
melan- , melano-
means tooth
dent- , dont-
means “on, over, above”
epi-
means disease
patho-
refers to something that produces
-gen
refers to the skin
derm , derma
means “less than, beneath, or below”
hypo-
treats skin diseases and disorders
dermatologist
refers to water
hydrate
stretching improves
______, which allows for full range of motion
flexibility
means “air”
aer- , aero-
means “without”
an-
refers to the arm
brachia
treats bone and joint injuries and disorders
orthopedist
means “movement”
kinesis
the study of anatomy in relation to movement, especially the mechanics of human motion
kinesiology
means “surrounding or enclosing”
peri-
refers to the bones
osteo-
refers to the lungs
pneumo-
refers to the chest
thoracic
study of the respiratory system, its structures, functions, disorders and diseases
pneumology
means “over, above, or excessive”
hyper-
word that refers to the lungs
pulmonary
means “science” or “study”
-logy
refers to the heart
cardio-
refers to liquid carrying vessels throughout the body
vaso- , vascular
treats diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
cardiologist
When muscles, tendons, and ligaments have not ________, they are less flexible and are more prone to injury
warmed-up
involve exerting as much force as possible against a resistance that moves at a more or less constant speed
isokinetic exercises
study of the muscular system
myology
three components needed for an exercise to be most beneficial
frequency, intensity, duration
muscles that raise you arms out to the side
deltoid muscles
ring of bone that supports most of your body weight
pelvic girdle
connect the temporal bones of the skull with the sternum and clavicles
sternocleidomastoid muscles
also allow you to shrug or pull your shoulders back and tilt your head back so that you can look up
trapezius muscles
you use these muscles when you do push-ups or push something away from you
pectoralis major
allow you to bend your arms at the elbow
biceps brachii
extend, or straighten your arms
triceps brachii
largest and strongest muscles
gluteus maximus
pull the upper legs downward and backward
gluteus maximus
group of three muscles in the back of each thigh, work together to bend the leg at the knee
hamstrings
a group of four muscles located in the front of each thigh, straighten the leg, as when you kick a ball or rise from a squatting position
quadriceps femoris
extends diagonally downward from the front of the pelvic bone, passes around the front of the thigh, and connects to the tibia
sartorius
the largest muscle of the calf, extends the foot downward by pulling up on the Achilles’ tendon
gastrocnemius
allows only rotating movement
pivot joint
exercises that involve exerting a more or less constant force against a movable resistance
isotonic
exercises that involve little or no outward movement of body parts
isometric
Connective tissue covering a muscle at each end of the muscle
tendon
provides for widest range of motion (joint)
ball-and-socket
largest bone in the leg and longest in the body
femur
the bones are fastened together by strong bands of fibrous connective tissue called _____
ligaments
Moderate, long-duration exercise powered mostly by “burning” fuels with oxygen
aerobic exercise
brief or strenuous exercise not powered by oxygen burning
anaerobic exercise
the slight tension in a relaxed muscle in which a small percentage of muscle fibers are contracted at any given moment even though the muscle is at rest, gives your flesh its firmness
muscle tone
two thin-walled upper chambers of the heart
atria
two thick-walled lower chambers of the heart
ventricles
thick vertical wall that divides the left and right chambers of the heart
septum
flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
pulmonary circulation
the body’s largest artery
aorta
the body’s largest veins
venae cavae
movement of blood through all parts of the body except the lungs
systemic circulation
the amount of force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels
blood pressure
dark-colored pigment in the skin
melanin
volume of blood ejected from the ventricles with each contraction
stroke volume
main function is to help regulate body temperature
sweat glands
disease-causing organisms
pathogens
top layer of skin that is mostly dead and contains no blood vessels and few pain receptors
epidermis
middle and most complex layer of skin
dermis
fatty bottom layer of skin
hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)
primary organ of the integumentary system and largest organ of the body
skin
muscles that decrease the angle between the bones of a joint
flexors
the ability of a muscle to extend easily through its full range of motion
flexibility
movable floor of muscle in the thoracic cavity
diaphragm
breastbone; connects the ribs and protects internal organs
sternum
