Health 1.1 Flashcards
genetic makeup
heredity
a child’s physical and mental health are influenced by _______
genetic makeup, development in the womb, circumstances of his childhood, and decisions of the parents
female reproductive cell
ovum
male reproductive cell
sperm
another name for a mother’s womb
uterus
fertilized egg cell
zygote
Once implantation to the lining of the uterus takes place, the cluster of cells is known as an _________
embryo
The cells of the embryo divides into ______ layers of tissue
three
The cells of the embryo divides into layers of tissue, which form _____, ______, and _______
- Blood vessels, muscles, bones, and skin
- Respiratory and digestive systems
- Nervous system
During the 3rd and 4th weeks a _______ forms between the body of the baby (embryo) and the mother
placenta
The placenta acts as the baby’s ______, _______, and ______
kidney, lungs, and intestine
The baby is attached to the placenta by means of the ________, a bundle of three blood vessels
umbilical cord
The baby’s most important period of growth has been completed by _______
Week 9
from Week 9 until the time of birth, the baby is referred to as a _____
fetus
provides primary care for infants and children
pediatrician
the transitional change from childhood to adulthood
adolescence
changes during adolescence are controlled by ________
hormones
stimulators of the endocrine system
hormones
doctor who treats diseases and disorders of the endocrine system
endocrinologist
____ helps regulate the body’s growth and development
endocrine system
____ influences most of the body’s other functions
endocrine system
“master gland”
pituitary gland
portion of the brain that controls the body’s automatic activities (emotions)
hypothalamus
growth hormone that regulates overall growth rate by stimulating new tissue growth
somatotropin
hormone that helps regulate blood pressure and the body’s water balance
antidiuretic hormone
gland that secretes hormones that regulate metabolism
thyroid gland
chemical and physical processes by which the body “burns” food and generates energy
metabolism
_______ regulates the amount of calcium in the blood
parathyroid glands
_____ produces epinephrine
adrenal glands
hormone produced to prepare the body for stressful situations
epinephrine
stimulates the kidneys to conserve sodium and excrete potassium and helps regulate the body’s water balance
aldosterone
stimulates the body to repair itself following stress, inflammation, or injury
cortisol
the organ that contains the islets of Langerhans
pancreas
the islets of Langerhans secrete hormones that regulate ___
the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood
stimulates the liver and muscles to remove glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen
insulin
stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream, thereby increasing the amount of blood sugar that is available to the body’s cells
glucagon
reproductive glands
gonads
reproductive glands in males
testes
reproductive glands in females
ovaries
the main hormones produced by the ovaries
estrogens
the hormone produced by the testes
testosterone
the gland that’s primary function is the regulation of the body’s waking and sleeping cycles
pineal gland
the hormone secreted by the pineal gland that causes sleepiness
melatonin
