science pg 347-359 Flashcards
a homogeneous mixture
solution
substance that is dissolved
solute
substance that does the dissolving
solvent
occurs when an ionic compound divides into individual ions
dissociation
three ways to increase the rate that a substance dissolves
- stir
- crush / grind
- heat
ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance to form a solution
solubility
A substance that dissolves easily into a solvent
soluble
substance that does not readily dissolve in a given solvent
insoluble
process where a solute will “undissolve” and form a solid substance
precipitate
a measure of how much solute is dissolved in a given amount of solvent or in a given amount of solution
concentration
the unit representing approximately 6.022 x 10 to the 23 particles
mole (mol)
the number 6.022 x 10 to the 23
Avogadro’s number
a measure of solution concentration as moles of solute per some volume of solution
molarity (amount concentration)
concentration measured as the moles of solute in a given mass of solvent
molality
the process of mixing molecules of one substance with another substance by random molecular motion
diffusion
one-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
a chemical change resulting from a collision between atoms or molecules
chemical reaction
the original substances that undergo chemical reactions
reactants
the new substances produced by the reaction
products
4 observations showing a chemical change occurred
- change in color
- formation of gas
- formation of a precipitate
- release or absorption of energy
an expression that uses chemical symbols to represent a chemical reaction
chemical equation
the number before each chemical formula that indicates how many molecules or formula units of that substance are involved in the reaction
coefficient
states that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products
law of conservation of mass
A chemical equation that has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the arrow is said to be _________
balanced
true or false: chemical formulas cannot be changed to balance an equation because changing the chemical formula would change the substances involved in the reaction
true
chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new substance
combination reaction
chemical reaction in which a compound breaks down to form different substances
decomposition reaction
chemical reactions in which an element in a compound is replaced by another element
single-displacement reactions
Chemical reactions in which two compounds exchange atoms or ions
double-displacement reactions
