Science chapter 9 Flashcards
the study of the nature, behavior, and uses of statics and related phenomenon
electrostatics
rubbing amber would cause bits of straw to be attracted
Thales of Miletus
other materials besides amber would produce the same magnetic force
William Gilbert
discovered static electricity and the existence of two types of charge (positive and negative)
Benjamin Franklin
a property that allows particles to attract and repel other charged particles by the electromagnetic force
electric charge
positive (+) charge
proton
negative (-) charge
electron
the interaction between electrons and other charged particles
electricity
describes an atom or other object with an equal number of positive and negative charges
neutral
an electric charge that is stationary on the surface of a charged object; the simplest form of electricity
static electricity
the SI unit of electric charge
Coulomb
the law stating that opposite charges attract each other but like charges repel each other
law of electric charges
the law stating that strength of attraction or repulsion between two charged objects is directly related to the strength of the charges and inversely related to the square of the distance between them
law of electric force
the region around a charged object in which other objects are attracted or repelled by an electric force
electric field
arrows that indicate how a positive charge in the field would move
lines of force
an electric field with even strength throughout
uniform field
the transfer of an electric charge through direct contact
conduction
the law stating that the total electric charge is the same before and after an interaction
law of conservation of charge
the process of diverting unwanted electric charge directly into the earth
grounding
the process of imparting electric charge from one object to another without direct contact between the objects
induction
the flow of charge from one place to another
current
an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge
ion
simple device that uses the laws of electrostatics to detect small electric charges
electroscope
the flow of electrons or other charged particles from one place to another
current electricity
electricity that flows in only one direction without reversing
direct current (DC)
electricity that flows first in one direction and then the other, reversing at regular intervals
alternating current (AC)
treats current as if it were a positive charge
conventional current
the direction in which electrons actually move in a solid
electron current
the work per unit of charge done to move electric charges between different parts of an electric field
voltage
the SI unit of voltage
volt
the rate of charged flow
current (I)
the SI unit of current
ampere (A)
time rate of doing work
power
electric companies charge per this time
kilowatt hour
anything that allows for an easy flow of electricity
conductor
materials through which current does not easily flow
insulators
materials which are neither good conductors or insulators
semiconductors
the amount a certain object hinders electron flow
resistance
unit of resistance
ohm (𝛀) 𝛀 = omega
heat converted from the energy used to overcome electrical resistance
Joule heat
a material that allows current to flow through it with no resistance at all
superconductor
the temperature at which a material becomes a superconductor
critical temperature
the law stating that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance
Ohm’s law
an electrical device designed to add resistance to a circuit
resistor
the path that an electric current follows
electric circuit
a device that transforms the energy of the electric current into another useful form of energy
load
a circuit that contains a complete path for electrons to flow from the source of current, through the load, and back to the source
closed circuit
a circuit in which a gap is made and electrons cease to flow
open circuit
a device that opens or closes a circuit
switch
occurs if electricity has the opportunity to take a “shortcut” through a circuit, avoiding the load
short circuit
a narrow strip of metal housed in a protective, insulated case, used to guard against short circuits
fuse
an automatic switch that opens a circuit when current flowing through it exceeds a predetermined amount
circuit breaker
a circuit in which the loads are arranged so that the electric current flows through each load one after another
series circuit
a circuit in which the loads are arranged in separate branches of the circuit and the current is divided among them
parallel circuit
The current must be the same in all parts of a ______ circuit
series
The voltage must be the same in all parts of a _______ circuit
parallel
a natural magnet
lodestone
an object capable of attracting materials such as iron or steel by magnetic force
magnet
the property of attracting objects by the magnetic force
magnetism
the region of concentrated magnetism in a magnet
pole
the pole of a magnet that points north
north pole
the pole of a magnet that points south
south pole
the law stating that unlike magnetic poles poles attract and like poles repel
law of magnetic poles
the region surrounding a magnet in which other objects are affected by magnetism
magnetic field
the imaginary lines that indicate the direction and strength of a magnetic field
lines of flux
the law stating that the force between two magnetic poles is directly related to the product of the pole strengths and inversely related to the square of the distance between the poles
law of magnetic force
the extent to which a material can absorb or channel lines of magnetic flux
permeability
used to overcome resistance
Joule heat
Ohm’s law formula
V = IR
Power formula
P = VI
law of electric force
F = k (q1q2 / r squared)
law of magnetic force
F = k (p1p2 / r squared)
series circuit resistance formula
R total = R1 + R2 + R3 …
parallel circuit formula
1 / R total = (1 / R1) + (1 / R2) + (1 / R3) …
