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9th Grade Flashcards > Health chapter 1 > Flashcards

Health chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Female reproductive cell

A

ovum

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2
Q

Male reproductive cell

A

sperm

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3
Q

fertilized egg cell

A

zygote

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4
Q

another name for the mother’s womb

A

uterus

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5
Q

Once implantation to the lining of the uterus takes place, the cluster of cells is known as _______

A

embryo

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6
Q

During the 3rd and 4th weeks a _______ forms between the body of the baby and the mother

A

placenta

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7
Q

a bundle of three blood vessels

A

umbilical cord

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8
Q

The baby’s most important period of growth has been completed by _____

A

week 9

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9
Q

From Week 9 until the time of birth, the baby is referred to as a ______

A

fetus

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10
Q

Provides primary care for infants and children

A

pediatrician

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11
Q

the transitional change from childhood to adulthood

A

adolescence

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12
Q

Changes during adolescence are controlled by ______

A

hormones

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13
Q

stimulators of the endocrine system

A

hormones

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14
Q

doctor that treats diseases and disorders of the endocrine system

A

endocrinologist

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15
Q

______ helps regulate the body’s growth and development

A

endocrine system

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16
Q

______ influences most of the body’s other functions

A

endocrine system

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17
Q

“master gland”

A

pituitary gland

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18
Q

_____ connects to the hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

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19
Q

portion of the brain that controls the body’s automatic activities (emotions)

A

hypothalamus

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20
Q

growth hormone that regulates overall growth rate by stimulating new tissue growth

A

somatotropin

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21
Q

hormone that helps regulate blood pressure and the body’s water balance

A

antidiuretic hormone

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22
Q

gland that secretes hormones that regulate metabolism

A

thyroid gland

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23
Q

chemical and physical processes by which the body “burns” food and generates energy

A

metabolism

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24
Q

____ regulate the amount of calcium in the blood

A

parathyroid glands

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25
Q

_____ produce epinephrine

A

adrenal glands

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26
Q

known as the “emergency action” because it prepares the body for stressful situations

A

epinephrine

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27
Q

contains a small group of cells called the islets of Langerhans

A

pancreas

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28
Q

_____ regulate the amount of glucose in the blood

A

islets of Langerhans

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29
Q

sugar

A

glucose

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30
Q

hormone produced primarily in women

A

estrogen

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31
Q

hormone produced primarily in men

A

testosterone

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32
Q

small gland that controls waking and sleeping

A

pineal gland

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33
Q

hormone produced by the pineal gland

A

melatonin

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34
Q

means “inside or within”

A

en- , end- , endo-

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35
Q

means “science” or “study”

A

-logy

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36
Q

refers to sugar or carbohydrates

A

-ose

37
Q

the study of the structures, functions, disorders, and diseases of the digestive system

A

gastroenterology

38
Q

three main functions of digestive system:

A
  1. digestion of food
  2. absorption of nutrients
  3. elimination of wastes
39
Q

the physical and chemical breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler, water-soluble substances the body can use

A

digestion

40
Q

hardest substance in the body

A

enamel

41
Q

means “surrounding or enclosing”

A

peri-

42
Q

means “tooth”

A

dent- , dont-

43
Q

refers to the stomach

A

gastro-

44
Q

refers to the intestine

A

entero-

45
Q

______ treats diseases of the teeth and gums

A

dentist

46
Q

______ treats diseases and disorders of the digestive system

A

gastroenterologist

47
Q

visible part of the tooth

A

crown

48
Q

tissue that surrounds the tooth; also called the gum

A

gingiva

49
Q

muscular organ that softens food and pushes it to the back of the mouth

A

tongue

50
Q

____ closes the opening on nasal passages in the back of the throat

A

uvula

51
Q

flap of cartilage that closes over the trachea to keep food from entering the respiratory tract

A

epiglottis

52
Q

protein molecules designed to activate or speed up chemical reactions in your body

A

enzymes

53
Q

muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) with the stomach

A

esophagus

54
Q

wavelike contractions that force food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

55
Q

a muscular, saclike organ that has the largest diameter of any section of the digestive tract

A

stomach

56
Q

after food leaves the stomach, it passes through the _____, the longest part of the digestive tract

A

small intestine

57
Q

the movement of water, digested food, and other dissolved substances in the bloodstream

A

absorption

58
Q

most absorption takes place in the ____, the middle section of the small intestine

A

jejunum

59
Q

_____ is larger in diameter than the small intestine, but much shorter in length

A

large intestine (colon)

60
Q

fingerlike projection at the junction of the small intestine and colon that has no known function in the digestive system

A

appendix

61
Q

_____ produces pancreatic juice for digesting fats, carbohydrates, and proteins

A

pancreas

62
Q

food travels this path:

A
  1. mouth
  2. pharynx
  3. esophagus
  4. stomach
  5. rectum
63
Q

the largest internal organ of the body that has 100s of functions, such as changing sugar into glucose and storing nutrients

A

liver

64
Q

the liver’s most important function is _____

A

secreting bile, which is essential for breaking down fats and oils

65
Q

_____ stores and concentrates bile for digestion

A

gallbladder

66
Q

simple sugars

A

monosaccharides

67
Q

two monosaccharides combined

A

disaccharides

68
Q

______ contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

A

carbohydrates

69
Q

___ should be the body’s main source of energy

A

carbohydrates

70
Q

___ are made of long chains of building blocks called amino acids

A

proteins

71
Q

_____ are considered incomplete proteins because they lack one or more of the essential amino acids

A

plant proteins

72
Q

typical fat molecules that consist of 3 fatty acids are known as _____

A

triglycerides

73
Q

both fats and fatty substances are _____, a general term for fatlike substances that are typically soluble in water

A

lipids

74
Q

substances that neutralize harmful molecules called free radicals

A

antioxidants

75
Q

vitamins __ and __ serve as antioxidants

A

C and E

76
Q

refers to the liver

A

hepat-

77
Q

means large

A

macro-

78
Q

means one

A

mono-

79
Q

means two

A

di-

80
Q

means many; more than one

A

poly-

81
Q

means three

A

tri-

82
Q

means disease

A

-osis

83
Q

means over, above, or excessive

A

hyper-

84
Q

means fat or fatty

A

lip- , lipo-

85
Q

means small

A

micro-

86
Q

refers to the bones

A

osteo-

87
Q

the common unit for measuring the energy value of foods

A

kilocalorie (often shortened to calorie)

88
Q

the proportion of nutrients compared to the number of calories that food contains

A

nutrient density

9th Grade Flashcards (76 decks)

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