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VSCI300 MOD > SA - otitis > Flashcards

SA - otitis Flashcards

1
Q

what line the outer ear canal

A

skin with ceruminous and sebaceos glands

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2
Q

what lines the middle ear

A

simple sq-cub cells
some cilia
goblet cells

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3
Q

name 3 parts of the tympanic membrane

A 
pars flaccida (floppy)
stria mallearis (middle)
pars tensa (tense)
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4
Q

what is the biggest difference bw dog and cat ears

A

cat - v large round bullae, small aperture into inner ear

dog - more triangular bulla, wide aperture

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5
Q

how does the outer ear self clean

A

cerumen catches material inc forein mat, microbes and old kcytes
epithelial migration using kcytes (living)

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6
Q

how does the middle ear clean

A

drains fluid via auditory tubes, which also equalises pressure either side of tymp membrane

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7
Q

what are the 3 Ps

A

primry factors (hypersensitivity reactions acronym - PAINFREE)
predisp
perpetuating factors

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8
Q

what does PAINFREE stand for (acronym for primary causes of otitis

A 
parasites
allergic skin dz (cAD)
immune mediated (II+III, rare)
neoplasia/ polyps
fx bodies (grass seeds)
rare causes (idiopathic)
epitheliasation defect
endocrinopathy
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9
Q

name 2 parasites which cause otitis

A

otodectes cyanosis

demodex canis/cornei

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10
Q

why do neoplasia/polyps cause otitis

A

block cleaning mech

types = Ceruminus g adeno-/-carcinoma and cystomatosis..

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11
Q

what 3 endocrinpathies often lead to otitis

A

hypothyr
HAC
DM

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12
Q

what might cause an epitheliasation defect

A

1ry seborrhea

vit A dermatosis

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13
Q

what are the three predisposing factors

A

conformation
environ (swimmer, humid)
iatrogenic (over cleaning)

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14
Q

perpetuating factors are those which prevent resolution, name 3 broad categories

A

MO inf
pathological changes
otitis media

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15
Q

name 2 g+ cocci and 2 g- bacilli which can cause otitis

A 
g+ = staph pseudointermedius and strep canis
g- = pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus mirabilis
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16
Q

what type of pathological changes would impede healing

A

chronic inflm - hyperplasia (CG and epi), calcification, osteomyelitis, all –> stenosis

17
Q

how does OM develop

A

rupture of TM OR asc inf from the resp tract if epithelial transport fails

18
Q

after a full CE, a specialised otic exam takes place, desc

A 
external palp (normal, pruritis = otodectes/malassezia, pain= g-, stiff = hyperlasia etc)
otoscopic ex = ID 1ry and perpetuating factors and integrity of TM
19
Q

what might be used to reduce hyperplasia if its too pronounced to conduct otoscopic ex

A

gcort (predn) for 2wks

20
Q

what dx tests are there

A

cytology, parasites, C+S
imaging
otoscopy
otic lavage (if TM intact)

21
Q

why is cytology useful (cotton smear)

A

quick, in house, easy, cheap
assess ext and middle ear
can assess reaction to tx
diff sterile from MO inflma

22
Q

is C+S a gold std test in otitis investigation

A

NO. needs to be interpreted with cytology, not to be used for assessing response to tx

23
Q

desc the normal radiological features of the ear

A

air filled, bulla is smooth and thin walled

24
Q

how should position a dog for a ear xray

A

D-V as positioning easy, bullar closer to plate. alternative = R-Cd mouth as allows more comparison.
ETT are a problem - often take out for this. other positions superimpose or dont allow comparison of the 2 bullae

25
Q

what is CT best for

A

bony lesions

26
Q

what is MRI best for

A

ST images

27
Q

how long does CT and MRI take

A

CT - 5mins

MRI - 40m

28
Q

why are video-otoscopy useful

A

can see middle ear
cytology + culture + neoplasia samples can be taken
polyps can be removed
tx can be given

29
Q

in the management of otitis, what is the 1st step to tx

A

resolve the perpetuationg factors - NSAIDs, sx, lavages, abx..

30
Q

how can pathological changes be resolved

A

only some can firstly, but give csteroids - reduce itching, dec secretions, and reduce scar and proliferative change

31
Q

if sx required to resolve pathological changes, what might be possible

A

TECA (total ear canal ablation)
bulla osteotomy
salvage procedures basically..

32
Q

where should antimicrobial be administered to tx OE and OM

A

topically (if TM intact). — OI needs systemic and if any osteomyelitis with TM that does too

33
Q

how can you control predisp factor?

A 
wash after swimming
remove hair
dont let O over wash
clip around ears 
clean droopy ones 1/wk
34
Q

what is a good way to control dry waxy ears, that are malassezia prone?

A

propylene glycol

35
Q

whats a good way to prevent bacterial inf in moist ears

A

chlorhexadine

36
Q

what are the RF poss from tx

A 
canal or TM trauma
vestibular syndrom
horners
deafness
irritation, sensitivity or ototoxicity

VSCI300 MOD (32 decks)

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