FA toxicology

Question 1

name 4 mycotoxins

Answer 1

1. aflatoxins
2. ergot
3. ZON
4. DON

Question 2

what fungi produces aflatoxins

Answer 2

aspergillus

Question 3

what produces ergot toxin?

Answer 3

claviceps fungi

Question 4

what does aflatoxins cause

Answer 4

dec appetite, reduced yeild and milk residues

Question 5

what does ergot cause?

Answer 5

hyperthermia, reduced milk yeild, poor fertility and gangrene at extremities

Question 6

what does ZON cause?

Answer 6

hyperthermia, gilts, hyper-oestrogenism, nymphomania, vulva swelling

Question 7

what produces ZON and DON?

Answer 7

fusarium fungi

Question 8

what does DON do?

Answer 8

reduces feed intake and milk production,

d+

Question 9

name 2 chemical types which block ACh-Esterases, cont nerve stimulation, discharge, XS salivation, paralysis

Answer 9

OPs and carbamates

treat with anti-cholinergic (atropine) and charcoal

Question 10

when are nitrates at highest risk of causing disease?

Answer 10

after rain following dry spell, fertilisers (XS)

Question 11

what doe nitrates do?

Answer 11

become nitrites which cause mHb (–> vasodil, anorexia, cyanosis, inc BP, HR, RR)
treat with methylene blue i.v

Question 12

what dz and tx is seen for lead ingestion

Answer 12

dz = fasciculations, grinding, staggers, blind + dil pupils
tx = sedate (diaz), MgSO4, Ca++

Question 13

what dz and tx is seen for copper ingestion?

Answer 13

dz = chronic intox in liver - haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, icterus, hepatomegaly
tx = shock IVFT or binding with molybdenum and sulfur

Question 14

name 5 plants which are toxic to ruminants (and other spp)

Answer 14

1. ragwort
2. bracken
3. yew
4. tannins - oak
5. rhododedndron
6. foxglove
7. st johns wort

Question 15

what dz does ragwort ingestion cause?

Answer 15

liver failure
jaundice
photosensitivity
d+++
staggering
blindness

Question 16

what dz does bracken cause?

Answer 16

BM depression - thrombocytopenia
anorexia
d++
weak
GI tumours
enzootic haematuria

Question 17

what does yew cause?

Answer 17

cardiac depression
dyspnoea
death

Question 18

what damage do tannins cause?

Answer 18

nephrotoxic
anorexia
constipation
bloody d++

Question 19

what animal is most at risk of rhododendrum toxicity which results in XS salivation, v++, staggers

Answer 19

goats

Question 20

what is another name for foxglove?

Answer 20

digitalis purpura

Question 21

st johns wort has similar signs to another plant toxin, which one?

Answer 21

ragwort. both cause liver failure.

Question 22

treatment (generic) from ingested toxins?

Answer 22

emesis
activated charcoal
often atropine (to inc HR and red XS saliva)
vit B + glucose good for damaged livers