FA toxicology Flashcards
name 4 mycotoxins
- aflatoxins
- ergot
- ZON
- DON
what fungi produces aflatoxins
aspergillus
what produces ergot toxin?
claviceps fungi
what does aflatoxins cause
dec appetite, reduced yeild and milk residues
what does ergot cause?
hyperthermia, reduced milk yeild, poor fertility and gangrene at extremities
what does ZON cause?
hyperthermia, gilts, hyper-oestrogenism, nymphomania, vulva swelling
what produces ZON and DON?
fusarium fungi
what does DON do?
reduces feed intake and milk production,
d+
name 2 chemical types which block ACh-Esterases, cont nerve stimulation, discharge, XS salivation, paralysis
OPs and carbamates
treat with anti-cholinergic (atropine) and charcoal
when are nitrates at highest risk of causing disease?
after rain following dry spell, fertilisers (XS)
what doe nitrates do?
become nitrites which cause mHb (–> vasodil, anorexia, cyanosis, inc BP, HR, RR)
treat with methylene blue i.v
what dz and tx is seen for lead ingestion
dz = fasciculations, grinding, staggers, blind + dil pupils tx = sedate (diaz), MgSO4, Ca++
what dz and tx is seen for copper ingestion?
dz = chronic intox in liver - haemolytic anaemia, jaundice, icterus, hepatomegaly tx = shock IVFT or binding with molybdenum and sulfur
name 5 plants which are toxic to ruminants (and other spp)
- ragwort
- bracken
- yew
- tannins - oak
- rhododedndron
- foxglove
- st johns wort
what dz does ragwort ingestion cause?
liver failure jaundice photosensitivity d+++ staggering blindness
what dz does bracken cause?
BM depression - thrombocytopenia anorexia d++ weak GI tumours enzootic haematuria
what does yew cause?
cardiac depression
dyspnoea
death
what damage do tannins cause?
nephrotoxic
anorexia
constipation
bloody d++
what animal is most at risk of rhododendrum toxicity which results in XS salivation, v++, staggers
goats
what is another name for foxglove?
digitalis purpura
st johns wort has similar signs to another plant toxin, which one?
ragwort. both cause liver failure.
treatment (generic) from ingested toxins?
emesis
activated charcoal
often atropine (to inc HR and red XS saliva)
vit B + glucose good for damaged livers
