Clinical pathology - EQ Flashcards
clinical signs of anaemia include?
tachycardia+pnoea pale exercise intol lethargy heart flow murmur = PCV
PCV range for a TB ?
35-45%
PCV range for a cold-blood?
25-35%
blood volume is 6% of BWt in most animals, but how many in horses?
8%
what % of blood volume can be lost before clinically significant in horses?
30% (other animals = 20%)
how can you tell if the fluid loss is whole blood?
frothy - proteinaceous
splenic contraction will replace 1/4 RBC, but what other clinical finding would be found>
hypoproteinaemia - as only RBC replaced
when will the TPP measurement be accurate following haemorrhage?
4-6 hrs after. even then DH can change reading
when will the PCV be accurate to read after haemorrhage?
12hrs. therefore if TPP and PCV reduced = chronic
what cell type is missing in horses which prevents identification of regen and non-regen anaemia?
reticulocytes
what type of anaemia will never show hypoproteinaemia?
haemolytic
how would haemolysis be diagnosed?
coombs
coggins
urinalysis (hb-uria)
pink plasma (intra)
causes of regen anaemia.
parasites NSAID other drug tox chronic loss - ulcers haemolytic - EIA, NIsoerythr, babesia coagulopathies - DIC
causes of non-regen anaemia
BM disorders
renal dz
fe defic
folic acid defic
transfusions are indicated when the PCV = and % blood volume lost = ?
PCV
what is a safe amount of blood which can be taken as sample/donation?
blood vol = 8% BWt, and you can sample 10% of blood volume
the RBCC can increase ?% at exercise through splenic contraction how?
a-adrenergic stimulates contraction = 70% increase of RBCC
why do horses often have roulleux formations?
less strong negative charge on the RBCs which means they stick but can be ‘washed off’
desc how the coombs test works
mix the patients WASHED RBCs with anti-RBC antibodies. if they RBC coagulate = + test = neonatal isoerythrolysis
what is neonatal isoerythrolysis
mare has formed antibodies against the stallions RBCs, this means that when foal suckles the MDA contains anti-his dads RBCs, which he is ‘half’ of. this causes intravasc haemolysis. transfuse foal with ‘washed’, no serum blood from mum and when weaned - he will be fine
what are the signs of hypoproteinaemia?
albumin commonly lost as so small (renal, gi)
panhypoproteinaemia - haemorrhage
pitting ventral oedema
in a myopathy case what is the first and second biochem indicator?
1st = CK
2nd = AST
know then whether acute or chronic
how much of the liver parenhcyma can be damaged before signs are obvious?
80%
