Clinical pathology - EQ

Question 1

clinical signs of anaemia include?

Answer 1

tachycardia+pnoea
pale
exercise intol
lethargy
heart flow murmur = PCV

Question 2

PCV range for a TB ?

Answer 2

35-45%

Question 3

PCV range for a cold-blood?

Answer 3

25-35%

Question 4

blood volume is 6% of BWt in most animals, but how many in horses?

Answer 4

8%

Question 5

what % of blood volume can be lost before clinically significant in horses?

Answer 5

30% (other animals = 20%)

Question 6

how can you tell if the fluid loss is whole blood?

Answer 6

frothy - proteinaceous

Question 7

splenic contraction will replace 1/4 RBC, but what other clinical finding would be found>

Answer 7

hypoproteinaemia - as only RBC replaced

Question 8

when will the TPP measurement be accurate following haemorrhage?

Answer 8

4-6 hrs after. even then DH can change reading

Question 9

when will the PCV be accurate to read after haemorrhage?

Answer 9

12hrs. therefore if TPP and PCV reduced = chronic

Question 10

what cell type is missing in horses which prevents identification of regen and non-regen anaemia?

Answer 10

reticulocytes

Question 11

what type of anaemia will never show hypoproteinaemia?

Answer 11

haemolytic

Question 12

how would haemolysis be diagnosed?

Answer 12

coombs
coggins
urinalysis (hb-uria)
pink plasma (intra)

Question 13

causes of regen anaemia.

Answer 13

parasites
NSAID other drug tox
chronic loss - ulcers
haemolytic - EIA, NIsoerythr, babesia
coagulopathies - DIC

Question 14

causes of non-regen anaemia

Answer 14

BM disorders
renal dz
fe defic
folic acid defic

Question 15

transfusions are indicated when the PCV = and % blood volume lost = ?

Answer 15

PCV

Question 16

what is a safe amount of blood which can be taken as sample/donation?

Answer 16

blood vol = 8% BWt, and you can sample 10% of blood volume

Question 17

the RBCC can increase ?% at exercise through splenic contraction how?

Answer 17

a-adrenergic stimulates contraction = 70% increase of RBCC

Question 18

why do horses often have roulleux formations?

Answer 18

less strong negative charge on the RBCs which means they stick but can be ‘washed off’

Question 19

desc how the coombs test works

Answer 19

mix the patients WASHED RBCs with anti-RBC antibodies. if they RBC coagulate = + test = neonatal isoerythrolysis

Question 20

what is neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 20

mare has formed antibodies against the stallions RBCs, this means that when foal suckles the MDA contains anti-his dads RBCs, which he is ‘half’ of. this causes intravasc haemolysis. transfuse foal with ‘washed’, no serum blood from mum and when weaned - he will be fine

Question 21

what are the signs of hypoproteinaemia?

Answer 21

albumin commonly lost as so small (renal, gi)
panhypoproteinaemia - haemorrhage
pitting ventral oedema

Question 22

in a myopathy case what is the first and second biochem indicator?

Answer 22

1st = CK
2nd = AST
know then whether acute or chronic

Question 23

how much of the liver parenhcyma can be damaged before signs are obvious?

Answer 23

80%