GP diseases - EQ

Question 1

what are the GP

Answer 1

oral mucosal lined air filled compartments which connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear

Question 2

what structure border the GP

Answer 2

D = skull base and C1 (atlas), tympanic bulla 
M = septum and longus capitis muscle
V = retropharyngeal LNs and nasopharynx
L = parotid + mandibular salivary g, pterygoids

Question 3

what separates the GP into a medial and lateral comp

Answer 3

stylohyoid bone

medial > lat

Question 4

when do the GP ostia open

Answer 4

during swallowing

Question 5

what structures are contained in the lateral comp

Answer 5

ext carotid
max a
superficial temporal aa
CN VII, V (mand)

Question 6

what structures are in the medial comp

Answer 6

int carotid
cr sympathetic nn
cr cervical ganglion
pharyngeal n plexus
cr laryngeal n
longus capitis
CN IX, X, XI and XII

Question 7

what is the carotid trifurcation

Answer 7

common car
ext car
int car
occipital a

Question 8

what signs suggest GP dz

Answer 8

• epistaxis
• nasal d/c
• n dysfunction
• dysphagia (pharyng, X or IX)
• laryngeal paralysis
• horners (miosis, ptosis, pathcy sweating - symp gang)

Question 9

what dz are commonly assoc with GP

Answer 9

chondroids
mycoses
tympany
otitis int/med
longus capitis rupture
neo, cysts, fx

Question 10

what is the process of GP mycosis and signs

Answer 10

• fungal plaque over int carotid -> rupture

- epistaxis + & signs of nerve dysfct

Question 11

how do you tx GPM

Answer 11

sx = occlude affected artery (int carotid) - balloon catheter, ligate or coil ebolism

medical = only if NOT bled at all, topical/systemic anti-fungal

Question 12

what is GP empyema

Answer 12

purulent material in GP - includes inspisated pus

Question 13

what are the causes and signs of GP empyema

Answer 13

• strangles or irritant drug infusions

signs - nasal d/c, parotid swelling, extended head, resp noises, dysphagia, laryngeal paralysis

Question 14

how is GP empyema dx and tx

Answer 14

dx - radiog + endoscope

tx - flush, remove chondroids

Question 15

what is GP tympany

Answer 15

in foals
- congen or 2ry to inflam (?)
unilat, retropharyngeal swelling, dysphagia, stridor and dx on xray/endoscope

Question 16

how do you tx tympany of GP

Answer 16

put a catheter thru ostia to let air out
make hole bw both GP
unilat = good px

Question 17

what is temporohyoid osteoarthropathy

Answer 17

progressive dz of temporohyoid joint - caused by inner ear inf and 2ry osseous prolif or pathological fracture

Question 18

what are the signs of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy

Answer 18

head shaking, ear rubbing –> facial n paralysis, head tilt, ataxia, nytagmus (slow phase = towards effected side)

Question 19

what is the cause and result of rupture of the neck ‘strap muscles’ = longus capitis =

Answer 19

cause - ‘over-rearing’
result - bilat epistaxis ++++
ataxia, head tilt, pharyngeal and tracheal compression and URT obstruction

Question 20

how do you tx ruptured longus capitis etc

Answer 20

box rest

assess any concurrent brain/skull trauma –> anti-inflm and supportive care

Question 21

what neoplasia effect the GP

Answer 21

melanoma - not sign,

Question 22

what would indicate the need for a tracheotomy

Answer 22

emergency bypass of URT obs
intubation route
to rest URT

Question 23

process of emergency tracheotomy

Answer 23

clip bw midd-upper neck 20x20cm
palpate sternothyrohyoideus m and tracheal rings
LA (ligno) in to skin 10ml.
aseptic prep of site
6cm incision - v-midline
stab incision bw 2 tracheal rings (no more than 1/3rd diameter - or your going to cut through vessels….)
insert tube and secure

Question 24

what are dentigerous cysts

Answer 24

abn dental growth by ears - leave or remove

Question 25

what are the ddx for epitaxis

Answer 25

• gp mycosis
• ethmoid haematoma
• trauma
• exercise-induced pulmonary haem

Question 26

name some ddx for dyphagia

Answer 26

oesoph obst
retropharyngeal abscess
pharyngeal fx body
botulism/tetanus
grass sickness