GP diseases - EQ Flashcards
what are the GP
oral mucosal lined air filled compartments which connect the nasopharynx to the middle ear
what structure border the GP
D = skull base and C1 (atlas), tympanic bulla M = septum and longus capitis muscle V = retropharyngeal LNs and nasopharynx L = parotid + mandibular salivary g, pterygoids
what separates the GP into a medial and lateral comp
stylohyoid bone
medial > lat
when do the GP ostia open
during swallowing
what structures are contained in the lateral comp
ext carotid
max a
superficial temporal aa
CN VII, V (mand)
what structures are in the medial comp
int carotid cr sympathetic nn cr cervical ganglion pharyngeal n plexus cr laryngeal n longus capitis CN IX, X, XI and XII
what is the carotid trifurcation
common car
ext car
int car
occipital a
what signs suggest GP dz
- epistaxis
- nasal d/c
- n dysfunction
- dysphagia (pharyng, X or IX)
- laryngeal paralysis
- horners (miosis, ptosis, pathcy sweating - symp gang)
what dz are commonly assoc with GP
chondroids mycoses tympany otitis int/med longus capitis rupture neo, cysts, fx
what is the process of GP mycosis and signs
- fungal plaque over int carotid -> rupture
- epistaxis + & signs of nerve dysfct
how do you tx GPM
sx = occlude affected artery (int carotid) - balloon catheter, ligate or coil ebolism
medical = only if NOT bled at all, topical/systemic anti-fungal
what is GP empyema
purulent material in GP - includes inspisated pus
what are the causes and signs of GP empyema
- strangles or irritant drug infusions
signs - nasal d/c, parotid swelling, extended head, resp noises, dysphagia, laryngeal paralysis
how is GP empyema dx and tx
dx - radiog + endoscope
tx - flush, remove chondroids
what is GP tympany
in foals
- congen or 2ry to inflam (?)
unilat, retropharyngeal swelling, dysphagia, stridor and dx on xray/endoscope
how do you tx tympany of GP
put a catheter thru ostia to let air out
make hole bw both GP
unilat = good px
what is temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
progressive dz of temporohyoid joint - caused by inner ear inf and 2ry osseous prolif or pathological fracture
what are the signs of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
head shaking, ear rubbing –> facial n paralysis, head tilt, ataxia, nytagmus (slow phase = towards effected side)
what is the cause and result of rupture of the neck ‘strap muscles’ = longus capitis =
cause - ‘over-rearing’
result - bilat epistaxis ++++
ataxia, head tilt, pharyngeal and tracheal compression and URT obstruction
how do you tx ruptured longus capitis etc
box rest
assess any concurrent brain/skull trauma –> anti-inflm and supportive care
what neoplasia effect the GP
melanoma - not sign,
what would indicate the need for a tracheotomy
emergency bypass of URT obs
intubation route
to rest URT
process of emergency tracheotomy
clip bw midd-upper neck 20x20cm
palpate sternothyrohyoideus m and tracheal rings
LA (ligno) in to skin 10ml.
aseptic prep of site
6cm incision - v-midline
stab incision bw 2 tracheal rings (no more than 1/3rd diameter - or your going to cut through vessels….)
insert tube and secure
what are dentigerous cysts
abn dental growth by ears - leave or remove
what are the ddx for epitaxis
- gp mycosis
- ethmoid haematoma
- trauma
- exercise-induced pulmonary haem
name some ddx for dyphagia
oesoph obst retropharyngeal abscess pharyngeal fx body botulism/tetanus grass sickness
