EQ toxicology

Question 1

ragwort causes

Answer 1

liver failure
pitting oedema (due to portal hypertension, not protein loss)

Question 2

when is ragwort most tasty?

Answer 2

when green, wo flowers (harder to spot!)

Question 3

ragwort has similar signs to another plant - what?

Answer 3

st johns wort

Question 4

what does giant hogweed cause?

Answer 4

oral ulcers

Question 5

what plant toxin causes australian stringhalt, and what is this dz?

Answer 5

false dandelion
peripheral neuropathy
hyperflex of HL

Question 6

Nightshade (atropa belladona) causes what signs?

Answer 6

sympathetic system signs:

• inc HR, RR
• shivering
• dry mm
• mydriasis

Question 7

why is Vit B given to animals with bracken toxicity?

Answer 7

the thiamine (vit B1) is broken down by thiaminase in bracken, so replace it to help support body

Question 8

what other plant, with a ‘mare-related’ name also has thiaminase in?

Answer 8

mares tail (equisetum sagitata)

Question 9

what signs does tannin toxicity have?

Answer 9

colic, haem+ d++

s/c oedema

Question 10

what plant was responsible for poisoning Socrates due to its ‘curare-like’ effect?

Answer 10

Hemlock or water hemlock (cowsbane)

Question 11

what part of the yew tree is poisonous?

Answer 11

the seeds from the red berries. alkaloid taxine cause cardiac failure

Question 12

The main cause of 2ry hyperparathyroidism is nutritional in herbivores, what property of the diet causes this?

Answer 12

Ca:PO4 imbalance. bran diets!

Question 13

where can cyanobacteria poisoning happen?

Answer 13

inf water courses

Question 14

what can cyano-bacteria cause?

Answer 14

neuro effect: tremors, resp paralysis
hepato-tox - p-sensitisation
depression, anorexia,

Question 15

why does sycamore poisoning lead to mypathy?

Answer 15

prevent muscle from using glucose as an E source

Question 16

what effects can the 2 types of ergot poisoning have?

Answer 16

rye grass staggers = tremble, erratic, anxious

fescue toxicosis = abortions, dystocia, FPT

Question 17

what treatment is reccommended for both the treatment of leishmaniasis AND ergot poisoning?

Answer 17

domperidone!

Question 18

what are the signs of lead poisoning?

Answer 18

peripheral nerve dysfunction
- facial paralysis
- dyphagia
kg loss
depression

Question 19

how can lead poisoning be treated

Answer 19

chelate the lead with Ca++ and remove source

Question 20

name a 2 chemical which will cause almost instant death

Answer 20

arsenic and mercury

Question 21

name a metal toxicity which is commonly iatrogenic

Answer 21

iron!

either sudden death or if s/acute –> DIC and liver and heart failure

Question 22

selenium toxicity is caused by

Answer 22

if horses get given cattle/sheep salt licks. they lose epithelial adhesion (hoof wall, mane, tail)

Question 23

what chemical does slug pellets have in them -?

Answer 23

metaldehyde –> sweating, spasms, tachycardia and resp failure

Question 24

name two chemicals in rodenticide

Answer 24

strychnine - fatal wi mins

warfarin/coumarin - also in mouldy hay. tx with Vit K

Question 25

why must amitraz only be given to SA and FA to treat ectoparasites?

Answer 25

because it causes impaction colic, depression

Question 26

how would you treat amitraz poison

Answer 26

a-agonist REVERSAL (atipamezole), flunuxin to tx colic pain

Question 27

what does monensin tox cause?

Answer 27

hypovol shock
anorexia
d++
death by d5
NO antidote

Question 28

name 2 major mycotoxins found in mouldy big bale hay?

Answer 28

aflatoxin - test with UV light response

asperfillus