EQ toxicology Flashcards
ragwort causes
liver failure pitting oedema (due to portal hypertension, not protein loss)
when is ragwort most tasty?
when green, wo flowers (harder to spot!)
ragwort has similar signs to another plant - what?
st johns wort
what does giant hogweed cause?
oral ulcers
what plant toxin causes australian stringhalt, and what is this dz?
false dandelion
peripheral neuropathy
hyperflex of HL
Nightshade (atropa belladona) causes what signs?
sympathetic system signs:
- inc HR, RR
- shivering
- dry mm
- mydriasis
why is Vit B given to animals with bracken toxicity?
the thiamine (vit B1) is broken down by thiaminase in bracken, so replace it to help support body
what other plant, with a ‘mare-related’ name also has thiaminase in?
mares tail (equisetum sagitata)
what signs does tannin toxicity have?
colic, haem+ d++
s/c oedema
what plant was responsible for poisoning Socrates due to its ‘curare-like’ effect?
Hemlock or water hemlock (cowsbane)
what part of the yew tree is poisonous?
the seeds from the red berries. alkaloid taxine cause cardiac failure
The main cause of 2ry hyperparathyroidism is nutritional in herbivores, what property of the diet causes this?
Ca:PO4 imbalance. bran diets!
where can cyanobacteria poisoning happen?
inf water courses
what can cyano-bacteria cause?
neuro effect: tremors, resp paralysis
hepato-tox - p-sensitisation
depression, anorexia,
why does sycamore poisoning lead to mypathy?
prevent muscle from using glucose as an E source
what effects can the 2 types of ergot poisoning have?
rye grass staggers = tremble, erratic, anxious
fescue toxicosis = abortions, dystocia, FPT
what treatment is reccommended for both the treatment of leishmaniasis AND ergot poisoning?
domperidone!
what are the signs of lead poisoning?
peripheral nerve dysfunction - facial paralysis - dyphagia kg loss depression
how can lead poisoning be treated
chelate the lead with Ca++ and remove source
name a 2 chemical which will cause almost instant death
arsenic and mercury
name a metal toxicity which is commonly iatrogenic
iron!
either sudden death or if s/acute –> DIC and liver and heart failure
selenium toxicity is caused by
if horses get given cattle/sheep salt licks. they lose epithelial adhesion (hoof wall, mane, tail)
what chemical does slug pellets have in them -?
metaldehyde –> sweating, spasms, tachycardia and resp failure
name two chemicals in rodenticide
strychnine - fatal wi mins
warfarin/coumarin - also in mouldy hay. tx with Vit K
why must amitraz only be given to SA and FA to treat ectoparasites?
because it causes impaction colic, depression
how would you treat amitraz poison
a-agonist REVERSAL (atipamezole), flunuxin to tx colic pain
what does monensin tox cause?
hypovol shock anorexia d++ death by d5 NO antidote
name 2 major mycotoxins found in mouldy big bale hay?
aflatoxin - test with UV light response
asperfillus
