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VSCI300 MOD > SA derm > Flashcards

SA derm Flashcards

1
Q

when looking for parasites down the LM what does the iris diaphragm do?

A

alter the appearance. if closed - more dark and ‘contrasty’ if open paler

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2
Q

name the 2 cat flea identifiable combs

A

genal comb - on head/’nose’

pronotal comb - 1st thoracic segment

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3
Q

name 2 lice of the dog (one biting, one chewing) and a cat louse

A

dog

  • biting = trichodectes canis
  • chewing - linognathus setosus

cat
- biting = felicola subrostratus

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4
Q

how many legs do fleas and lice have

A

6

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5
Q

how many legs do mites have. which mite only has 6?

A

8

trombicula

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6
Q

which mites have long legs

A

surface dwellers (otodectes, cheyletiella, trombicula)

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7
Q

what do most mite eggs look like, except demodex canis

A

oval

d. canis = lemon

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8
Q

what is characterisitic about louse eggs

A

attached to hairs + operculum

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9
Q

what 4 tests are used for ectoparasite finding

A

collect the scale - flea comb, tape, light scrape
direct smear
skin scrape
hair pluck

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10
Q

what might you find on scale exaination

A 
felicola subrostrata
trichodectes canis
linognathus spp
cheyletiella
lice eggs
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11
Q

what ectoparasites might you see on a smear

A

otodectes (if in the ear..)

or demodex from any ruptured pustule

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12
Q

what mite are you looking for with a trichogram

A

demodex

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13
Q

what else can a trichogram show you

A

what stage hair is at

  • anagen (growing), fat bulb
  • telogen (resting) - tapered bulb
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14
Q

why is liquid paraffin used for mite, lice, etc prep and collection

A

mites stay alive

tolerated on skin

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15
Q

why would KOH be used instead of paraffin

A

to visualise better, but kills mites

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16
Q

desc how to do both a superficial scrap and a deep one

A

superficial - from lesions no oozing. put paraffin/KOH on skin, scrape and more oil/KOH on slide

deep - squeeze skin and add oil/KOH, +++ scrapes from new lesions, until capillary ooze

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17
Q

are sarcoptes ELISA results reliable

A

not really. false -ves early in dz and false + in atopic dogs

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18
Q

name 4 cytology tests

A

tape
cotton smear
impression smear
FNA

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19
Q

when should you culture a sample

A 
if you see rods
degenerative PMNs
of dont find any bacteria
recurring in fection
all deep infections
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20
Q

culture samples are swabs and biopsies. what areas are they each best at getting samples from

A

swabs - intact lesions, ears, sinus

biopsy - deep inf, acral lick, discharging lesions

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21
Q

what does wood’s lambs and DTM test for

A

dermatophytes

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22
Q

what are the pros/cons with dermatophyte culture

A

dont ID spp
contami/infection
cheap, easy, reliable

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23
Q

what are the different biopsy tech

A

punch
tru cut
wedge
sx

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24
Q

what conditions do WHWT commonly suffer fro

A

atopic derm
malassezia derm
demodecosis
ichthyosis

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25
Q

why do sertoli cell tumours cause alopecia

A

oestrogenising effects/lack of testosterone

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26
Q

why would color of dog skin matter with SCC

A

often UV-induced –> depig skin, white coat or alopecic areas +++

sponaneous forms are oral or ungual

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27
Q

what is a good way of assessing ‘itchiness’ from owners

A

visual analogue score - 1–> 10. as in 1 - never

10 - keeps you up at nght, dog not sleeping

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28
Q

describing skin lesions, you need what elements

A
  • distrubution (focal)
  • description - 1ry or 2ry lesion (alopecia)
  • location (cd-d rump)
  • evolution (eg papules –> crusts)
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29
Q

how can you assess whether cutaeneous haem of erythemia

A

press slide on it - if blanches = erythema (blood in vessels)

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30
Q

desc where fleas, cheyletiella and sarcoptic mange nfection usually occur

A 
fleas = dorsal lumbar/L-S and inner thigh
cheyletiella= dorsal back
sarcoptes = ventral thorax/abdo and eyes and ears
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31
Q

what information can be acq from a hair examination

A

color, textures changes
stage of grwoth - telogen easily pulled out
broken?
follicular casts (demodex, pyoderma, malassezia)

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32
Q

what are the main 4 ddx of pruritis

A

para
inf
hypersens/allergy
misc

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33
Q

what is the pathogenesis of flea infestations

A 
Fe-def in young animals
anaemia
FAD
IH for diplydium caninum
transmit bartonella
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34
Q

what are the 1ry signs of FAD

A

pruritits, papules, erythema

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35
Q

how long from first blood meal until mating and eggs laid from fleas

A

24 hrs

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36
Q

descr a basic flea life cycle

A 
adults on host 1 wk
eggs in eviron (R) - 10d
larvae feed on environ/flea poo
2-3wks pupate (R+)
1wk-100d later = adults
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37
Q

desc a basic flea control protocol

A

both environ + animal = adulticide + IGR
adulticides: fipronil, selamectin, imidacloprid, fluralaner
IGRs:methoprene (makes frontline combo) and lufenurun (program)
house - permethrins

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38
Q

how do you tx FAD - if it tkes 3-4mths to rid fleas from a household

A

tx as above
wash - to rid of saliva
use program in future to prevent

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39
Q

name the feline demodex

A

d. gatoi (superficial) or d. cati

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40
Q

desc basic lifecycle for mites

A 
adults on host
eggs on hair or in burrow (R)
larvae
nymphs 
2-6wks
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41
Q

what are the signs of sarcoptes

A

pruritis, crusts, scale, 2ry alopecia,

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42
Q

what are the sign of cheyletiella

A

trunk scale and erythema and scale

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43
Q

name 2 ear mites which cause waxy discharge

A

otodectes canis

psoroptes

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44
Q

what are the signs of suckng lice, linognathus setosus

A

pruritis and ill thrift - rare tho

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45
Q

what are the signs of biting lice, trichodectes and felicola

A

pruritis, scaling, poor coat qual

46
Q

can fipronil be used in rabbits

A

no

47
Q

what is fipronil licensed for

A

fleas, tick, lice and cheyletiella mites and harvest mites

48
Q

imidacloprmid is only licesed for fleas and lice in rabbits - how do you tx mite and tick infections

A

if with MOX (=advocate)

49
Q

what para tx are toxic to cats

A

permethrin
amitraz
~IVM

50
Q

whats the best way to treat demodex in cats

A

lime sulfur baths

51
Q

how do you tx trombicula

A

fiprinol spray

52
Q

what endoparasites might cause pododermatitis and what tx

A

uncinaria stenophala

fenbendazole

53
Q

what are common causes of bacteria pyoderma

A

staph pseudointermedius

s aurea, s hyicus

54
Q

what are the classifications of pyoderma

A

surface - epidermis, more accurate descr = overgrowth
superficial folliculitis = epid with follicles
deep folliculitis and furunculosis = epid, follicles, dermis and s/c fat

55
Q

what are ‘hot spots’

A

pyotraumatic derm

flat moist erosions with erythematous outline

56
Q

what is the proper word for skin fold pyoderma

A

intertrigo

57
Q

what does BOGS stand for

A

bact overgrowth syndrome - result of underlying atopic derm

58
Q

most superficial pyoderms are 2ry, name the common 1ry causes

A

allergy
ectopara
infections
immune suppression

59
Q

what are the signs of superficial pyoderma

A

macules, papules, pustul, hyperpig, erosions

60
Q

what are the signs of deep pyoderma

A

systemic illness - fever, lymphadenopathy
pyogranulomatous inflm
s. pseudintermedius or psedomonas
sinus tracts, haem+ bullae

61
Q

what ar the signs of malassezia inflm and tx

A

always 2ry as normally commensal
ear, v neck, paws, axilla, groin
greasy, erythema, otitis
tx- chlorhex and miconazole shampoo

62
Q

what is the pathogenesis of canine AD (atopic derm)

A

defective cutaenous barrier
microbial colonisation
hypersensitivity to food/enviro allergens

63
Q

when do most dogs develop AD

A
64
Q

what are the clinical signs of cAD

A 
pruritis - 1r sign!
erythema, saliva stains, papules
hot spots/acra lick
alopecia, scaling, hyperpigmentation
furunculosis or interdigital abscess
65
Q

is cAD respon to gcorticoids?

A

y!

66
Q

how do you ID food allergy

A

diet trial - home or commercial need 6wks.

or hydrolysed diet - less allergenic. then if signs stopped –> back on old diet, if start again, back to trial

67
Q

what causes contact derm

A

sensitisation to norm,

68
Q

what neoplasm appears like derm

A

cutaenous lymphoma

69
Q

what does CARF stand for

A

cutaneous adv reaction to food

70
Q

what is the basic approach to pruritis cases

A

ID para, tx 2ry infections, exclude with trials - for food, fleas or mange.
if suspect AD –> labs for inc IgE

71
Q

management - of cAD

A

improve barrier fct -
ID + control flare factors (food, para, environ)
immunotherapy - to desensitise (ASIT)
anti-inflm drugs

72
Q

tx of cAD

A

est-FAs,
topical emollients, vitE (anti-oxid), antimicrobials,
c-steroids (flare busters)
— to help barrier and reduce pruritis

73
Q

how can steroids be used in a safer way

A

lowest tx dose
no sudden changes
in combo with ‘steroid sparing’ tx eg anti-histamines
seasonal - when worsens

74
Q

what common medication is given for AD

A

cyclosporin (atopica)
- delayed response, GE common SE

protopic (tacrolimus)
- less SE, not licensed tho

aclactinib (apoquel)
- JAK inhib so reduces inflm cytokine, not for small digs

75
Q

name some cyclosporin drug interactions

A

inhibit metab - azoles, metaclopramide

inc metab - rifampin, phenobarb

IVM inc adverse signs

76
Q

are anti-histamines used

A

yes, variable reponse. not licensed. use with EFAs and gcort

chlorphenamine

77
Q

what are the classifications of alopecia

A
  • self induced
  • spontaneous
  • inflm (non-symmet)
  • non-inflm (symmet)
78
Q

how does ‘partial’ alopecia appear

A

thinning of hair in area, not hypotrichosis though (thats congenital)

79
Q

what 2 major types of demodex are there?

A

long bodied - d. canis and cati (follicles)

short bodied - d. gatoi (superficial)

80
Q

what are the 2 clinical syndromes of canine demidecosis

A

juvenile - generalised and localised forms.

adult - either continuation of juvenile generalised form or onset due to underlying immunosuppressive process

81
Q

what is the best tx for demodecosis

A

amitraz (not cats or Chihuahua)

fluralaner (bravecto, new)

82
Q

when can tx for demidecosis stop

A

3 x neg skin scrapes over 3wks min

83
Q

name a common cause of canine dermatophytosis

A

microsporum canis

84
Q

how is dematophytosis dx

A

wood lamp - 50% usually fluoresce green
trichography - arthrospores around shaft look like bubbles
dermatophyte test medium (DTM) - yellow –> red = pos

85
Q

what is the best tx of dermatophytosis

A

itraconazole

or topical miconazole + chlorehxadine shampoo

86
Q

name 2 immune mediated forms of alopecia and briefly desc

A

dermatomyositis - collies skin and muscle. signs = myositis and alopecia, erythema, crusting. tx = predn

alopecia areata - lymphocytic attack on hair bulb - bsy dx.

87
Q

name some causes of hair cycle arrest

A 
injection and post-clipping
endocrinopathies (HAC, hypothyr, hyperoestro)
alopecia x
telogen defluxation
feline paraneoplastic alopecia
88
Q

what is injection alopecia

A

follicular atrophy susp from act of steroid inj and vasculitis from inj

89
Q

what are the general signs of an endocrinopathy-induced alopecia

A
  • symmetri, bilat, non-infla
  • dull, dry, faded
  • fails to regrow after clipping
  • hyperpigmentation
  • scaling + or ++
  • easily bruised and por healing
90
Q

what is alopecia X

A

in plush coated dogs, juvenile onset loss of 1ry hairs –> retain puppy coat –> complete alopecia of the trunk only

91
Q

what is telogen defluxaion

A

following from systemic dz etc the hairs ‘rested’ so when new hairs begni to grow, they push all the telogen hairs out = alopecia after the event (chemo)

92
Q

what is feline paraneoplastic alopecia

A

assoc with panc/bile duct carcinoma

ventral abdo and limb alopecia which is smooth, shiny and translucent!

93
Q

what breeds get post-clipping alopecia

A

arctic. v long telogen phase, hence the blowing..

94
Q

are congenital alpecia norm

A

yes in some breeds.. still predisp to inf

95
Q

what is pattern baldness and is it an issue

A

no its not. dont know why but alopecia in certain areas (vary / breed)

96
Q

desc follicular dysplasia

A

normal puppy coat –> breaks and lost –> scaling and 2ry inf
regrowth = weird

97
Q

what is cyclical flank alopecia

A

as it says,.. seasonal alopecia. no idea wy - try melatonin when unsure if needs be

98
Q

what is effluvium

A

anagen defluxion. systemic illnesses.

99
Q

what is sebaceous adenitis

A

predis = viszla, poodles, samoyeds

lymphocytic inflm directed at seb glands. signs - MF alopecia, ‘frond-like’ scales, 2ry bact inf

100
Q

what tx for scaling ++

A

keratolytic shampoo + moisturising
essential FA suppl
tx 2ry bacterial inf

101
Q

what are the signs of cutaenous epitheliotropic lymphoma

A

diffuse alopecia, erythema, scaling, ulcers, plaques +- prurits

102
Q

what is traction alopecia

A

from rubbing - pos collar

103
Q

name the 4 main feline reaction patterns

A
  • self induced
  • head and neck - v pruritic
  • miliary - papular crusts
  • eosinphillic granuloma complex
104
Q

what are the causes and signs of self induced alopecia in cats

A
  • pruritis –> over grooming, but will be symmetrical as cats are thorough
  • restricted to the sites the cat can reach
  • furballs, fur in mouth/teeth
105
Q

whats might cause head and neck pruritis

A

otodectes cyanosis
neotrombicula
bacteria
oro-facial pain syndrome in burmese cats

106
Q

what causes miliary dermatits

A

otodectes cyanosis
neotrombicula
bacterial
dermatophytosis

107
Q

what is the eosinophic granuloma complex

A
  • eosinophilic plaques
  • eosino granuloma
  • eosinophillic (indolent) ulcer
    seen in allergic skin condition and assoc with overgrooming
108
Q

what are the eosinophillic plaques

A
  • raised alopecic plaques (pruritic), ventral body.
109
Q

what are the eosinophillic granulomas

A

at different areas, young get = linear, non ulcerated ones. other get = proliferative oral ones - pruritic i 2ry infection too
can spontaneously regress.

110
Q

what are eosinophilic ulcers/indolent

A

erythematous ulcer on upper lip

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