Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VSCI300 MOD > Neurology - FA > Flashcards

Neurology - FA Flashcards

1
Q

how can you test un-conscious proprioceptive deficits

A

blindfold it - if it doesnt change motion when collides with obstacle - deficit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the patatial reflex do and what does it test

A

press palate - mouth should open

tests trigem, v

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what effects does a vagal lesions have

A

cant swallow, cough and rumenal contractions change (vagal indigestion)
*impt to know for sx as cows prod a lot of saliva!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are ‘cortical’ signs

A

Ataxia, proprioceptive deficit, blindness, circling, nystagmus, changes in behaviour/ conciousness, head pressing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are cerebellar signs

A

imbalanced, wide based stance, head

tilt, dysmetria, nystagmus, tremors, hyperaesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what dz may cause cortical signs - name a few

A

meningitis, CCN, Pb poisoning, nervous ketosis, hypo-Mg, salt poisoning
IBR, MCF, pseudorabies and rabies, BSE, hypovit-A, tumour/abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which of the dz causing cortical signs need reporting to AHVLA

A

Pb poisoning
Pseudorabies
Rabies
BSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are poss causes of meningitis in cattle, and signs

A

causes - extension/haematogenous inf. salmonella (calves) or pseudomonas mastitis (cows)
signs - pain, headpressing, d+, pyrexia, coma. ~staggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do you tx meningitis

A

IV, TPS, doxycycline, penicillin

dexamethasone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what causes CCN

A

vit b1 defic (thiamine)

  • absolute (calves)
  • relative (inc consumption of thiaminases, fish or brackens)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is CCN and the signs

A

malacia or grey matter

signs - star-gazing/blindness, headpressing, nystagmus, head tilt, convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is CNN dx at PM

A

the lipofuscin fluoresces under UV, high thiaminase assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how do you tx CCN

A

vit b1 (10mg/kg/4hrs)
csteroids and mannitol
rectify cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pb poisoning causes….

A

acute encephalopathy (cf horses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the signs of Pb poisoning

A 
depressed
muscle fasciculations
ataxia, blindness
abdo pain + bloat, d+
convulsions
coma + death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do you tx Pb poisoning

A

phenobarb - to control fits
chelate Pb with EDTA
thiamine - mobilises itra-cellular Pb into the blood (less tox)
oral MgSO4 to precipitate Pb in GIT + stop abs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the signs of nervous ketosis

A

obsessive licking, head-pressing. signs are cyclical every 10hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what type of cow is classically at risk of hypo-Mg

A

beef suckler, 1mth after parturition
Mg stored, not ready for use and excreted in milk
spring (bad weather)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the signs of hypoMg

A 
hyperexcitability
muscle tremors
staggers
lat recumbancy + seizures
death wi 1hr
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the result of salt poisoning/water deprivation

A

Na deposits on brain - stop anaerobic glycolytic pathways
inc ICP
DH, depression, d+, star-gazing, head pressing,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is aujeskys dz

A

pseudorabies

22
Q

what are the signs of pseudorabies

A

VERY ITCHY HEAD

depression, circling, nystagmus. from pigs

23
Q

what are the signs of rabies in cows

A

hyperexcitability, fear, depression, flaccid paralysis

24
Q

what are the signs of ‘the occasional’ hydrocephalus in cows

A

failed drainage of CSF –> domed cranium, Inc ICP. mania, head pressing, tremors, convulsions

25
Q

how do brain abscesses usually arise

A

extension from arcanobacterium pyogenes sinus inf

26
Q

how do signs of meningitis and brain abscess vary

A

abscess = slwoer onset. 1 eye blindness –> walking, head pressing/tilt twd lesion, depression
late stages = CN involvmenent –> coma

27
Q

what are the lesions formed by BSE

A

bstem vacuolisation

28
Q

how does BSE ‘work’

A

PrP proteins are normal in CNS membranes. something triggers a change and this modification causes other PrP to change too –> degeneration of neurones

29
Q

what are the signs of BSE

A

3-6yo

kg loss, head tossing, teeth grinding, fear, aggression and ataxia

30
Q

what is necessary to be done for notifiable disease

A

if suspect - tell DEFRA
famer compensated
offspring traced and culled if dz confirmed
VO makes final call

31
Q

why is BSE so hard to dx

A

cant do anything ‘live’
long incubation
PM - western blot, histopath, immunocytochem

32
Q

what are the causes of hypovitA

A

animals on straw/cereal, indoor diets

of calves born to deficient dams

33
Q

what are the signs of hypovit a (carotene)

A

thickened dura mater
bony growth in brain
inc CSF
retinal degen - no PLR

34
Q

how do you treat hypovitA

A

give vit A - even in late stage, except in old cattle with severe ocular damage
400iu/kg

35
Q

what can cause cerebellar hypoplasia

A

BVD inf (d90-170 gestation) in utero –> calf w hypoplasia

36
Q

what area does a listeria monocytogenes infection affect

A

bstem

inf travelled from conjunctiva via trigeminal n and formed micro-abscesses there

37
Q

what are the clinical signs of listeriosis

A

dull, not lip/cheek tone
ptosis of ear and eye
headpressing

38
Q

how do you tx listeriosis

A

OTC/penicillin ++, aim to prevent progression, unlikely to mend deficits now
get rid of shitty soily silage

39
Q

what are the causes of spinal fractures

A

calves
hypovit d
hypo ca
cu defic

40
Q

what bacteria can cause spinal abscesses

A

s. aureus, pasterella haemoytica

fusobacterium necrophorum

41
Q

desc spastic paresis and causes

A

assymetrically spasticity and hypertonia of extensor m (HL only)
only when standing

42
Q

how can you tx spastic paresis of hL

A

neurectomy of tibial n (runs deep to gastrogneiums) dont cut the tibial n or lat sapheous

43
Q

what is tetanus

A

caused by exotoxins from c. tetani found in soil/GIT
spores enter via wound or gi
anaerobic multiplication –> n-toxin

44
Q

what are the clinical signs of tetanus

A 
2-4wk incubation
stiffness
rumenal tympany
prlapsed 3rd eyelid
legs extended
recumbancy - death
45
Q

how can you tx tetanus

A

if fully dev - PTS
if starting - bed up warm and dark and quiet
anti-tox only helpful vvv early
penicillin +++
irrigate site of infection with both above
vaccinate

46
Q

what are the signs of botulism

A 
muscle weakness --> paralysis
anoraxia, mydiasis
drooling
droopy face - tongue out
dec rumen motility ,bloat
resp failure = death
47
Q

can botulinum be treated

A

if early yes - symptomatic and supportive - purge body of toxins

48
Q

what are the casues of obturator neuropathies, ddx and also tx

A

dystocia (esp in heifers)
- foetus damages obturator, she cant adduct
ddx = pelvix fx
tx - csterios, chain together and soft bedding

49
Q

what are the causes of peroneal neuropathies

A

branch of the sciatic over later stifle - damaged in falls or recumbant cows

    • hyperext of hock, fetlock and digits
  • loss of sensation here
  • bandage
50
Q

how can the sciatic nerve get damaged

A

recumbnt or struggling to get up

sigs = non-kg bearing, no sensation distal to stifle

VSCI300 MOD (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions