acute GE - SA

Question 1

most cases of acute GE are fatal y/n

Answer 1

n, most self limiting

Question 2

name 2 common causes of acute, non-fatal self limiting GE

Answer 2

1. parasites

2. dietary indiscretion

Question 3

name 4 general causes of severe, pos fatal GE

Answer 3

1. enteric infection (parvo, bacterial)
2. surgical dz
3. HGE (acure haemorhagic d+ syndrome..)

Question 4

what is the major sign of sx dz wrt GE

Answer 4

V+

Question 5

how much fluid goes IN /day of a 20kg dog

Answer 5

2,700ml/d

Question 6

what % of the total fluid IN is absorbed by the GIT

Answer 6

98%, the rest into poo

Question 7

what are the remaining factors which must be considered before a tx and dx is made

Answer 7

what supportive tx is needed
are there underlying dz causing this - pos non-enteric ones
then all the hx, and signalment etc

Question 8

there are 3 categories of GE of which are often combined in various ways

Answer 8

1. gastritis
2. enteritis
3. colitis

Question 9

what is haematochezia

Answer 9

fresh blood in poo (colitis suggested)

Question 10

both gastritis and enteritis have similar causes and often combined what are they

Answer 10

dietary indiscretion
foreign body
bezoar
self-limiting
intoxication/drugs etc

Question 11

colitis has a number of other causes - name some

Answer 11

whipworms, garbage ing, protozoa (giardia, crypto)

Question 12

how does colitis present differently to GE

Answer 12

tenesmus, not vomiting

rare in cat

Question 13

after symptomatic tx how long should you give a case to imprve

Answer 13

48hrs

Question 14

what is the min database from a lab that should be gained to get a dx for suspected GE

Answer 14

haematology
serum biochem
urinalysis (to check systemic dz)
faaecal exam for para

Question 15

what procedures are carried out to check for para in poo

Answer 15

virology
- ELISA for ag
parasitology 
- smears and flotation (giardia)
- wet-prep for tritrichomonas (C) or PCR
serology
- snap test for giardia and parvo

Question 16

why are radiographs a good dx tool in GE cases

Answer 16

assess if obstruction
u/sound
intussusceptin and forign bodies
contract - rarely req

Question 17

in a per-acute emergency cases - what would your dx tools/actions be

Answer 17

PCV/TP - assess DH, anaemia, protein losses
blood smear for inflam, haemolysis, anaemia, PLTs
glucose - if very young, often poor gluc control
urea
urinalysis - haemolysis

Question 18

what are the pros/cons of withholding food in animals w d+ and V+

Answer 18

• less to V+ or d+ (management easier), will make more nauseous
• good to feed - less likely to be septic
• speedier recovery if feed through d+

Question 19

how do anti-emetics act?

Answer 19

centrally at CTZ
- metoclopraminde, chlorpromazine
anticholinergics
- atropine,

Question 20

what is the generic name for cerenia

Answer 20

maropitant

Question 21

what is maropitant - cerenia

Answer 21

NK-1 R antago
1xd dose (s/c inj or oral)
SE = v+; CI = if sx dz or obstruction

Question 22

why woudl you use gastric mucosal protectants

Answer 22

V+ persists or ulceration

Question 23

what receptors and how do drugs act to prevent ulceration

Answer 23

H2-R antagonists = cimetidine (v freq dosing and SE), sucralfate (antacid and mucosal protection), antacids like MgOH

Question 24

whya re NSAIDs CI?

Answer 24

damage GI mucosa and damage kidney if they are DH

Question 25

how do anti-d+ work?

Answer 25

absorbants - protect mucosa, bind tox and XS water = act charcoal
motility modifiers = opioids slow transit AND anti-secretory. also = anticholinergics

Question 26

what are the pros and cons of ABx use in d+ cases

Answer 26

• upset natural flora and cause d+ and promote R

- flora already upset and if mucosa barrier compromised = sepsis poss!

Question 27

what are the indication for abx in the d+ case

Answer 27

haem d+
d+ and fever
known infection eg salmnella, campy, EPEC

Question 28

what is the use of probiotics

Answer 28

limiited once d+ happening - better prev. supprot flora

Question 29

if a foreign body - how shoul di tbe removed

Answer 29

• induce v+ (if smooth)
• ## wait for it in poo (wi 48hrs!)

Question 30

what is HGE

Answer 30

canine haem+ enteritis so.. its CHE OR acute haem+ diar syndrome

Question 31

desc the dz of HGE

Answer 31

toy and mini breeds

netF enterotox, not inflm, altered mucosa perm and secretion

Question 32

what are the clinical signs of HGE

Answer 32

v+ w/wo blood, followed by d+, depression, shock and marked hamoconcentration (PCV = 60-80!!!)!

Question 33

what is the reccom tx of HGE

Answer 33

IVFT at bolus until PCV