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VSCI300 MOD > Fluid therapy and analysis > Flashcards

Fluid therapy and analysis Flashcards

1
Q

for a blood sample what is a good size needle and syringe to use

A 
21G 1inch (D)
23G 1 inch (C)
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2
Q

what are the purple tubes? uses?

A

EDTA
whole blood haematology
chelates ca++
invert

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3
Q

yellow tubes? uses?

A

serum
slow in horses
dont spin

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4
Q

grey tubes? uses?

A

f/oxalate
glucose determination
F inhibits glycolysis

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5
Q

green tubes? uses?

A

lithium heparin

idexx test for glucose. run for 30m

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6
Q

blue tubes? uses?

A

citrate

anticoag

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7
Q

clear tubes? uses?

A

serum activator
spin and separate serum
no cytology

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8
Q

white plastic tube? uses?

A 
plain
other fluids (not blood)
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9
Q

name some technique to get cytology samples

A

FNA
impressions
scrapes
swab samples

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10
Q

what does pollakuria mean?

A

XS daytime urinatiing

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11
Q

urine sampling - catheter. what device is required for the bitch

A

vaginoscope

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12
Q

what anatomy makes catheterising the bicth difficult?

A

vaginal papilla

clitoral fossa

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13
Q

why must urinalysis be conducted swiftly?

A

as CO2 evapourates the pH rises and crystals form
uro/bilirubin bdown
bacteria grow/die

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14
Q

what is the renal threshold?

A

10mmol/L of glucose

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15
Q

what does USG do?

A

compare the weight of urine to that of pure water

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16
Q

what parasites are found in the renal tubules and capillaries

A

dioctophyma renal and capillaria

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17
Q

how do you determine if blood in urine is haematuria or haemoglobinuria

A

spin down.

if supernatant is clear = haematuria if not then from free Hb in supernatant due to intravascular haemolysis

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18
Q

how can myoglobinuria and haemaglobinuria be told apart?

A

by checking CK levels
haematology - as myoglobin is v small it would leak out of blood into urine and so no stain of the blood plasma also see casts

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19
Q

what cells are usually seen in exudates

A

high protein

nucleated cells

20
Q

non-septic exudates usually are caused by..

A

rupture
FIP
pancreatitis

21
Q

if there is a high protein content in an exudate how can you tell

A

frothy

22
Q

desc what normal synovial fluid should look like

A

clear
hypocellular
viscous

23
Q

define shock

A

failure of microcirculation to deliver adequate O2 and nutrition

24
Q

5 types of shock are:

A
  1. hypovol - loss
  2. cardiogenic - HF
  3. mldistrubutive - inc or dec R
  4. metabolic - anaemia, hypoglycaemia
  5. obstructive - tamponade, TEs, DIC
25
Q

cardiovascular shock effects following septic insult has three phases

A
  1. hyperdynamic - congestion, fast CRT, high HR, inc CO
  2. hypodynamic - weak pulses, cold, inc CRT
  3. refractory - unresponsive to treatment
26
Q

what is the fct of isotonic crystalloids?

A

replacement 50/mg/kg/bolus

27
Q

colloid fct>?

A

If TP or COP dropped 10ml/kg/bolus

28
Q

fct of hypertonic saline?

A

RAPID volume expansion 4mg/kg/bolus. wont last..

29
Q

fluids aim to correct poor perfusion in circulatory shut down, if they dont what can you use?

A

+ve inotropes

vasopressors

30
Q

what should the mean arterial pressure be?

A

60 mmHg

31
Q

desc water distrubution in the body of an adult

A

66% of BWt = water
33% of that = ECF and 66% of that = ICF
25% of ECF = i.v (plasma) and 75% = ISF

32
Q

what % of BWt is the total blood volume?

A

D+H = 8%

C, rabbits, ruminants = 6%

33
Q

normal maintenance reqyuirements are 50mg/kg/d why

A

thats how much water is lost via sensible and insensible losses in one day

34
Q

what is a neonates daily maintenance?

A

double @ 100ml/kg/d

35
Q

for sx maintenance how much fluids should be given?

A

1-2x maintenance

36
Q

define Dh

A

deficit of water throughout ALL compartments

37
Q

how much ‘watery’ crystalloid will remain in vasculature after 1hr

A

1/12th

38
Q

how much ‘salty’ crystalloid will remain in vascularture in 1 hr

A

1/4

39
Q

what do colloids contain?

A

proteins, sugar, starch

40
Q

at 5-7% DH what clinical signs are visible?

A

tachy mm, normal skin turgor

41
Q

at 8-10% DH what clinical signs are visible?

A

v dry mm, dull eyes, sucken, loss of turgor

42
Q

at 10+% DH what clinical signs are there?

A

vv dry, sucken globes, tend, moribund, altered mentation

43
Q

12%+ DH shows what clinical signs

A

nearly dead…

44
Q

what is required in the giving set if giving a transfusion

A

in-line filter

45
Q

what is a generic bolus rate for crystalloid

A

20 ml/kg/30mins

46
Q

what is generic boluc colloid rate?

A

1 ml/kg/30mins

VSCI300 MOD (32 decks)

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